Sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of hypertension among children and adolescence: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that evaluated the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake on blood pressure among children and adolescents. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases up to 20 April 2020, the observational studies that evaluated the association between sugar-sweetened beverages intake and hypertension, systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were retrieved. Results: A total of 14 studies with 93873 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. High SSB consumption was associated with 1.67 mmHg increase in SBP in children and adolescents (WMD: 1.67; CI 1.021-2.321; P < 0.001). The difference in DBP was not significant (WMD: 0.313; CI −0.131-0.757; P = 0.108). High SSB consumers were 1.36 times more likely to develop hypertension compared with low SSB consumers (OR: 1.365; CI 1.145-1.626; P = 0.001). In dose-response meta-analysis, no departure from linearity was observed between SSB intake and change in SBP (P-nonlinearity = 0.707) or DBP (P-nonlinearity = 0.180). Conclusions: According to our finding, high SSB consumption increases SBP and hypertension in children and adolescents.

Reproducibility and validity of food group intake in a short food frequency questionnaire for the middle-aged Japanese population

“…Third, SSBs were not included in the short FFQ because the ability of the 47-item FFQ to estimate nutrients semiquantitatively is limited. The effects of SSB consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality and risk factors have been reported [ 39 , 40 ]. The effects on CVD incidence and risk factors have also been studied in Japanese populations, but further studies including mortality risk would be needed to accumulate evidence [ 41 , 42 ].…”

The association between Sugars Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) and lipid profile among children and youth: A systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies

“…A growing body of evidence has mentioned the association between high SSB consumption during childhood and adverse outcomes such as CVD, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and other obesity-associated diseases in later life. [45][46][47][48] As a health massage, SSB consumption should be limited in children and youth to reduce the risk of obesity-associated diseases. 48 As shown in results, the geographical region, health status, SSB ).…”

Experimental study of front-of-package nutrition labels’ efficacy on perceived healthfulness of sugar-sweetened beverages among youth in six countries

“…Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among youth is a growing public health concern worldwide ( Scharf and DeBoer, 2016 ). High intake of SSBs, including soda and other beverages with added sugar ( von Philipsborn et al, 2019 ), is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes in youth, including obesity ( Keller and Torre, 2015 , Ambrosini et al, 2014 ) and hypertension ( Farhangi et al, 2020 ). SSBs are a primary source of added sugar among youth across many countries ( Rosinger et al, 2017 , Langlois et al, 2019 , Tedstone et al, 2015 , Rana et al, 2021 ).…”