Prevalence of Hypertension and Sociodemographic Factors within the Scheduled Caste Community of the District Nadia, West Bengal, India

Biswas, Maharaj; Manna, Chanchal Kumar

doi:10.2165/11593600-000000000-00000

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…10,15,16 These wide regional and urban-rural (33 vs 25%) variations 9 could be explained by the use of different definitions, non-uniform sensitivity and specificity of the measuring instruments, methodological nuances, sociocultural diversities 7 and food habits like traditional use of extra salt. [17][18][19] Although previously observed prevalence of hypertension among backward communities in West Bengal was bit lower (19.28%), 20 observed values from the current study might be considered as a relatively generalizable estimate for such poorresource settings by virtue of the representative population-based sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…20,21,24,[28][29][30][31] With reference to general caste, subjects belonging to backward caste were less likely to suffer from hypertension but among them, cases were more likely to remain undiagnosed, as also was observed previously in another nearby district. 20 Consistent with previous studies, 13,22,24,26 it was additionally found that participants with higher education were more likely to be hypertensive probably due to sedentary lifestyle and less likely to remain undiagnosed compared with their illiterate counterparts. Belonging to backward castes and having less education probably had negative influences on awareness and care-seeking resulting in delayed diagnosis or non-identification of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…13,24 Alike elsewhere, compared with males, females in Malda were less likely to suffer from hypertension. 12,16,20,21,29 Established biological, social and behavioral theories supported this finding mostly due to less exposure to risk factors. 20,21,24,[28][29][30][31] With reference to general caste, subjects belonging to backward caste were less likely to suffer from hypertension but among them, cases were more likely to remain undiagnosed, as also was observed previously in another nearby district.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…12,16,20,21,29 Established biological, social and behavioral theories supported this finding mostly due to less exposure to risk factors. 20,21,24,[28][29][30][31] With reference to general caste, subjects belonging to backward caste were less likely to suffer from hypertension but among them, cases were more likely to remain undiagnosed, as also was observed previously in another nearby district. 20 Consistent with previous studies, 13,22,24,26 it was additionally found that participants with higher education were more likely to be hypertensive probably due to sedentary lifestyle and less likely to remain undiagnosed compared with their illiterate counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Patterns and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension: observations from a poor-resource setting

et al. 2016

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Early detection is the cornerstone of hypertension management; still majority remains undetected until complications arise, especially in poor-resource settings. Paucity of information regarding undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in eastern India thus called for a detailed investigation involving a representative sample of adults in Malda, one of the poorest districts in the region. In a cross-sectional study, between October 2013 and July 2014, using multistage random sampling with probability-proportional-to-size, 18 028 consenting adults were interviewed. Diagnosed cases were defined as uncontrolled if they still had hypertensive level of blood pressure (according to JNC-VIII criteria) while those detected during this study were defined as undiagnosed. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3.2. Among 18 028 participants, 4695 (26.04% (95% confidence intervals: 95% CI=25.40-26.68)) had hypertension, of which 3937 (83.86% (82.80-84.91)) were undiagnosed and 548 (72.30 (69.10-75.49)) had uncontrolled hypertension. Relatively older subjects (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR)=0.34 (95% CI=0.26-0.43) and aOR=0.29 (0.21-0.38)), who were divorced/separated/widowed/widower (aOR=0.76 (0.61-0.95)), had higher education (aOR=0.61 (0.43-0.88)), better socio-economic status (SES) (aOR=0.77 (0.60-0.99) and aOR=0.64 (0.48-0.85)) and urban residence (aOR=0.44 (0.36-0.55)) were less likely while subjects who belonged to backward castes (aOR=1.37 (1.15-1.64)) were more likely to have undiagnosed hypertension. Odds of having uncontrolled hypertension were higher among participants aged >60 years (aOR=2.25 (1.27-3.99)). Burden of hypertension (diagnosed and undiagnosed) was high in Malda district of West Bengal. Significant predictors of undiagnosed hypertension were young age, backward caste, poor education and lower SES, while older subjects had poor control. Thus, appropriate surveillance targeting these at-risk groups might be effective in controlling hypertension in similar poor-resource settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Patterns and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension: observations from a poor-resource setting

et al. 2016

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“…Previous surveys in KSA reported a 5.3% prevalence of IDH more than two decades ago (4). Studies in different countries reported a prevalence of IDH ranging from 2-8%, mostly associated with males, younger adults, and obese individuals (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). In this study, we will assess the current prevalence of IDH, characteristics, treatment modalities, patient' practices, risk factors and significant predictors which were not previously addressed to the best of our knowledge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Diastolic Hypertension among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Predictors and Treatment. Results of a National Survey

Saeed

Al-Hamdan

2016

Balkan Med J

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Background:In the past, diastolic hypertension was the main criterion for treatment, but currently, systolic pressure is the main criterion because it was thought that Isolated Diastolic Hypertension (IDH) is not associated with complications. Studies later revealed that IDH carries significant risks. Quantifying the magnitude and risk factors of IDH in the community is essential for all intervention strategies. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, predictors, treatment modalities and lifestyle practices of IDH adult patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study using STEPwise approach among adults using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sample was carried out. Data were collected using questionnaires which included socio-demographics, blood pressure, biochemical, anthropometric measurements and lifestyle practices. Statistical analysis included calculating means and standard deviations, proportions, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Of a total 4562 subjects, 180 (3.95%) suffered from IDH, which was significantly related to age, gender, employment, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. More than 93% were using some form of treatment, with 77.2% on prescribed drugs, 63% using diet, and 23% using exercise. Significant predictors of IDH were retirement and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: IDH is associated with some sociodemographic characteristics and co-morbidity. Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with IDH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for diagnosing the disease in middle-aged persons focusing on the modifiable risk factors of IDH.

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Hypertension in India

Anchala¹,

Kannuri²,

Pant³

et al. 2014

Journal of Hypertension

632

302

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Background:A region-specific (urban and rural parts of north, east, west, and south India) systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among Indian patients have not been done before.Methods:Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 1950 to 30 April 2013 were searched for ‘prevalence, burden, awareness, and control of blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (≥140 SBP and or ≥90 DBP) among Indian adults’ (≥18 years). Of the total 3047 articles, 142 were included.Results:Overall prevalence for hypertension in India was 29.8% (95% confidence interval: 26.7–33.0). Significant differences in hypertension prevalence were noted between rural and urban parts [27.6% (23.2–32.0) and 33.8% (29.7–37.8); P = 0.05]. Regional estimates for the prevalence of hypertension were as follows: 14.5% (13.3–15.7), 31.7% (30.2–33.3), 18.1% (16.9–19.2), and 21.1% (20.1–22.0) for rural north, east, west, and south India; and 28.8% (26.9–30.8), 34.5% (32.6–36.5), 35.8% (35.2–36.5), and 31.8% (30.4–33.1) for urban north, east, west, and south India, respectively. Overall estimates for the prevalence of awareness, treatment, and control of BP were 25.3% (21.4–29.3), 25.1% (17.0–33.1), and 10.7% (6.5–15.0) for rural Indians; and 42.0% (35.2–48.9), 37.6% (24.0–51.2), and 20.2% (11.6–28.7) for urban Indians.Conclusion:About 33% urban and 25% rural Indians are hypertensive. Of these, 25% rural and 42% urban Indians are aware of their hypertensive status. Only 25% rural and 38% of urban Indians are being treated for hypertension. One-tenth of rural and one-fifth of urban Indian hypertensive population have their BP under control.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Sociodemographic Factors within the Scheduled Caste Community of the District Nadia, West Bengal, India

Abstract: The results of this investigation clearly indicate that there was a significant (p<0.001) role of dietary salt in the development of hypertension.

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Patterns and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension: observations from a poor-resource setting

Patterns and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension: observations from a poor-resource setting

Isolated Diastolic Hypertension among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Predictors and Treatment. Results of a National Survey

Hypertension in India

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