Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the oropharynx and urine among sexually active men: a comparative study of infection by papillomavirus and other organisms, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp

Abstract

BackgroundOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has shown a gradual increase in male predominance due to the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated OSCC. However, the mode of HPV transmission to the oral cavity is poorly understood, and little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in men. The prevalence rates of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. were compared in the oropharynx (oral cavity) and urine of male Japanese patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.MethodsThe study population consisted of 213 men aged 16 – 70 years old (mean: 34.4 years old). Oropharyngeal gargles and urine were collected, and sedimented cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. After DNA extraction, β-globin and infectious organisms were analyzed by a PCR-based method. The HPV genotype was determined by HPV GenoArray test.Resultsβ-Globin was positive in 100% and 97.7% of oral and urine samples, respectively. HPV detection rates were 18.8% and 22.1% in oral and urine samples, respectively, suggesting that the prevalence of HPV infection in the oral cavity was similar to that in the urinary tract. N. gonorrhoeae was more prevalent in oral (15.6%) than urine samples (9.1%), whereas C. trachomatis was detected more frequently in urine (15.9%) than oral samples (4.2%). The detection rates of M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. were 5.2%, 10.3%, and 16.0% in oral samples, and 7.7%, 6.3%, and 19.2% in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. between anatomical locations. The distribution of HPV types were similar in oral and urine samples, and HPV16 was the most common type. The majority of men with HPV infection in both the oral cavity and urine had concordant oral and urinary HPV infection. The presence of urinary HPV infection was an independent risk factor of oral HPV infection, with an odds ratio of 3.39 (95% CI: 1.49 – 7.71), whereas oral gonococcal infection was inversely correlated with oral HPV infection (odds ratio: 0.096; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.77).ConclusionsOral HPV infection commonly occurs in sexually active men, and is significantly correlated with urinary HPV infection.

Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors Samples

“…Anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and HPV-related tumors, represent a further 0.7% of the entire carcinoma regions in both genera (women and men), so that HPV is said to be accountable for 5.2% of the entire carcinoma worldwide (6,16). In other microorganisms in the domain of bacteria such as Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhea are known worldwide as a risk factor for the cancer of the genital area (17,18). We sought to study and analyze the presence of the HPV-16 in the paraffinized blocks of women with ovarian carcinomas who referred to Imam Hossein hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.…”

Human papillomavirus prevalence in the anus and urine among HIV-infected Japanese men who have sex with men

“…A previous Japanese study showed that HPV-DNA was detected in 21.0% of urine samples of 141 MSW with urethritis and in 3.3% of urine samples in 154 healthy men [16]. Nakashima et al reported an HPV prevalence of 22.1% based on urine samples of 213 Japanese MSW attending a STIs clinic [18]. The HPV prevalence in urine samples of MSM in Japan was much higher than ones in heterosexual men with urethritis or healthy men.…”

“…This kit can determine 37 HPV genotypes, consisting of 15 high-risk HPV types (16,18,31,33,35,39,45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, 82), 10 low-risk HPV types (6,11,42,43,44,54,61,70,72,81), and 12 unknown-risk types (26,34,40,53,55,57,66,67,69,71,83,84), by flow-through hybridization and gene-chip methods using HPV-DNA amplified by PCR [17,19].…”

Modern aspects of epidemiological surveillance of gonococcal infection spread

“…Показано, что группами риска могут также быть: -военнослужащие, работники полиции, путе-шественники, лица, употребляющие наркотики, лица молодого возраста, одинокие пожилые люди и члены уличных банд, представители «мобильных» профессий (водители, рыбаки и другие) [19]; -больные ИППП, в частности, урогениталь-ной хламидийной инфекцией [20,21], имеющие большое число сексуальных партнеров, не исполь-зующие методов барьерной контрацепции; -женщины, имеющие половые контакты с по-ловыми партнерами за рубежом и с иностранцами [22]; -пациенты отделений неотложной помощи, распространенность гонококковой инфекции среди которых, по данным исследователей из США, со-ставляет 7,7% [23].…”