Prevalence of human papillomavirus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mousa, Manar; Alamri, Sawsan S.; Degnah, Afnan A.; Tolah, Ahmed M.; Abduljabbar, Hanin Hassan; Oraif, Ayman; Abduljabbar, Hassan; Mirza, Ahmed A.; Azhar, Esam I.; Hashem, Anwar M.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2019.403

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our data showed that 66% ( n = 16/24) of patients positive for HR HPV were younger than 40 years and 21% ( n = 5/24) were in their 5th decade, while 13% were older than 50 years. Age distribution of 31–50 was documented in a study in the western region of Saudi Arabia [30]. In a study carried out in Madinah, it was 46.7 ± 11.0 years [43].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence and genotype distribution of HR HPV infection detected in women with negative or abnormal cytology is not well known (according to “ HPV and Related Diseases Report ” in Saudi Arabia published by the “HPV Information Center” in December 2018). Some studies have been conducted about this subject from different regions in Saudi Arabia [29, 30]; however, none of them was from the Eastern area. Therefore, we aimed to highlight the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR HPV and correlate its association with cervical lesions detected on Pap tests in a conservative society in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of High-Risk HPV Genotypes with Pap Test Findings: A Retrospective Study in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

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Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of cancer in general, primarily cervical cancer. We aim here to highlight the prevalence and genotypes of HR HPV and correlate its association with Pap tests’ results, which are still not well known in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Over 7 years (2013–2019), the results of 164 Saudi women coinvestigated for HR HPV along with Pap tests were collected from the archive of King Fahd University Hospital. Only women who had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on the Pap test and those at elevated risk of infection were cotested for HR HPV; otherwise, the Pap test was the only screening modality for cervical cancer. Data were organized and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS v26. Results: Out of 164 Saudi women, 14.5% (n = 24/164) showed positive results for HR HPV (8 patients had HPV16 and 2 had both HPV16 and HPV18/45, while the remaining 14 had other HR HPV); among them, 41.5% (n = 10/24) had an abnormal Pap test (5 ASCUS and 5 LSIL), while 58.5% (n = 14/24) had a negative Pap test. On the other hand, 21% (n = 35/164) of patients, in the study, had an abnormal Pap test (24 ASCUS, 8 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL], and 3 atypical glandular cell [AGC]). In 80% (n = 19/24) of ASCUS cases, HR HPV was not detected; however, 20% (n = 5/24) were positive for other HR HPV. Concerning LSIL cases, 62.5% (n = 5/8) were positive for HR HPV (1 case showed HPV16 and HPV18/45, 2 cases showed HPV16, and 2 cases showed other HR HPV), while in the remaining 37.5% (n = 3/8) LSIL cases, HR HPV was negative; similarly, all AGC cases were negative for HR HPV. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between HPV status and Pap test findings (p value <0.001). Discussion/Conclusion: HR HPV frequency and genotype distribution, in this study, might reflect a different regional infection pattern. The high association of HR HPV with negative cytology emphasizes the need to add the HR HPV test to screening modalities of cervix cancer.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of High-Risk HPV Genotypes with Pap Test Findings: A Retrospective Study in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

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“…In Saudi Arabia, the epidemiological picture of genital HPV infection is not well established because of the scarcity of population-based studies and the common belief that, as a sexually transmitted disease, HPV infection is not prevalent in conservative Saudi society [ 23 ]. The few available data showed HPV detection rates of less than 10% among healthy women [ 24 , 25 ], which is remarkably lower than the global figures. However, these rates increased to 32% in hospital-based samples [ 26 ] and to 43% in women with evocative symptomatology [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis of Cervical Dysplasia in a University Hospital Using Pap Smear and Colposcopy in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Correlational Study

Baamer¹,

Anfinan²,

Sait³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Objectives To assess the diagnostic performance of Pap smear screening with or without human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and colposcopy in detecting preinvasive lesions of the cervix among women with reference to histopathological findings. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective study in a tertiary care center of the clinical and pathological records of women with evocative symptomatology. The diagnostic performance of Pap smear screening and colposcopy was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear screening and colposcopy in detecting preinvasive lesions of the cervix were calculated in 388 patients. Results The mean age was 45.12 years, and the most frequent gynecological symptoms included abnormal bleeding (17.2%) and postcoital bleeding (10.9%). Histopathology showed abnormal results in 26.5% of the 388 patients, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1; 20.4%), CIN 2 (2.8%), CIN 3 (1.3%), and SCC (1.3%). Both Pap smear screening and colposcopy were highly sensitive in detecting CIN 1+ (94.2%vs.93.2%, respectively) and CIN 2+ (100.0% vs.95.8%, respectively) intraepithelial lesions; however, Pap smears had very low specificity in detecting both CIN 1+ (8.1% vs.73.7%, respectively) and CIN 2+ (8.0% vs. 59.3%, respectively) compared with colposcopy. When combined with HPV status, the specificity of Pap smear increased considerably. Conclusion It has become a high priority to improve the efficiency of cervical cancer (CC) screening programs by optimizing the practice of Pap smear screening, increasing the test specificity, and implementing systematic cytology-HPV co-testing.

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“…The prevalence and genotype of high-risk HPV infection detected in women with normal or abnormal cytology; ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL) are so far unknown (according to “HPV and related diseases report” in Saudi Arabia published by the “HPV information center” on December 2018) [22, 23]. Our study aims to highlight the prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV infection and its association with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in the Eastern-Province and other areas in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk Human Papillomavirus (16, 18) are not the most common genotypes associated with cervical pre-cancer lesions: a retrospective study at a University Hospital in the Eastern-Province of Saudi Arabia

Kussaibi

Dossary

Badar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: High-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer, especially cervical cancer. The prevalence of high-risk HPV associated with cervical lesions is not well-known in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to highlight the genotypes of high-risk HPV associated with pre-malignant cervical lesions. Methods: Over 6 years (2013 - 2018), 5091 Pap (Papanicolaou) smears results and 170 high-risk HPV test results were collected from the Information System at King Fahd University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results: Out of 5091 Pap smears, only 1.89% (n=96) were abnormal; 0.18% (n=9) were malignant (7 Squamous cell carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas), while 1.7% (n=87) showed pre-cancerous lesions, 44 ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), 17 LSIL (Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), 12 HSIL ( High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), and 14 AGC (Atypical Glandular Cells). Out of 170 patients co-tested for high-risk HPV, only 13.5% (n=23/170) had positive results (5 cases were positive for HPV16, 1 case was positive for both HPV16 and 18, while the remaining 17 cases were positive for high-risk HPV other than 16 or 18), among them, 6.47% (n=11/170) had normal Pap smear, while 7.06% (n=12/170) patients had abnormal Pap smear; 4 ASCUS, 6 LSIL and 2 HSIL. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between HPV findings and the Pap smear results (P-value 0.000), however, no significant correlation was found with the patients' age and/or nationality. Discussion: Our study showed a unique distribution of high-risk HPV genotypes which reflects different geographical infection patterns. Furthermore, the high association of high-risk HPV with normal Pap smears highlights the need, for all women at risk, to be co-investigated for high-risk HPV. These findings could help in customizing regional vaccine-combinations and screening programs.

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Prevalence of human papillomavirus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Correlation of High-Risk HPV Genotypes with Pap Test Findings: A Retrospective Study in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Correlation of High-Risk HPV Genotypes with Pap Test Findings: A Retrospective Study in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

The Diagnosis of Cervical Dysplasia in a University Hospital Using Pap Smear and Colposcopy in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Correlational Study

High-risk Human Papillomavirus (16, 18) are not the most common genotypes associated with cervical pre-cancer lesions: a retrospective study at a University Hospital in the Eastern-Province of Saudi Arabia

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