Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Survey

Treviño, Ana; García, Juan González; Mendoza, Carmen de; Benito, Rafael; Aguilera, Antonio; Lejarazu, Raúl Ortíz de; Ramos, José Manuel; Trigo, Matilde; Eirós, José María; Rodríguez-Iglesias, Manuel; Torres, Alvaro; Calderón, E.; Hernández, Marta; Gómez, César Pereiro; Marcaida, Goizane; Soriano, Vincent

doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0234

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Overall the seroprevalence of HTLV infection found in this study was low (0.14%) and similar to that found in previous serosurveys carried out in Spain [14,15]. Only 9 out of 6,460 tested individuals were found to be positive for HTLV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Treviño¹,

Aguilera

Caballero

et al. 2012

Virol J

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BackgroundAlthough most HTLV infections in Spain have been found in native intravenous drug users carrying HTLV-2, the large immigration flows from Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa in recent years may have changed the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections, and hypothetically open the opportunity for introducing HTLV-3 or HTLV-4 in Spain. To assess the current seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Spain a national multicenter, cross-sectional, study was conducted in June 2009.ResultsA total of 6,460 consecutive outpatients attending 16 hospitals were examined. Overall, 12% were immigrants, and their main origin was Latin America (4.9%), Africa (3.6%) and other European countries (2.8%). Nine individuals were seroreactive for HTLV antibodies (overall prevalence, 0.14%). Evidence of HTLV-1 infection was confirmed by Western blot in 4 subjects (prevalence 0.06%) while HTLV-2 infection was found in 5 (prevalence 0.08%). Infection with HTLV types 1, 2, 3 and 4 was discarded by Western blot and specific PCR assays in another two specimens initially reactive in the enzyme immunoassay. All but one HTLV-1 cases were Latin-Americans while all persons with HTLV-2 infection were native Spaniards.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of HTLV infections in Spain remains low, with no evidence of HTLV-3 or HTLV-4 infections so far.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the last serosurvey conducted in year 2008, a total of 7 out of 5,742 consecutive hospital outpatients were found to be HTLV-seroreactive (overall rate, 0.12%). No single case of HTLV-1 infection was reported at that time [15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Treviño¹,

Aguilera

Caballero

et al. 2012

Virol J

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“…We acknowledge that our findings should be interpreted cautiously given the relative small size of our study population that reflects the low HTLV-1 prevalence in the country. It ranges from 0.01 % in pregnant women [30] to 0.1 % in hospital outpatient surveys [31]. A total of 199 individuals with HTLV-1 infection had been reported in Spain up to January 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between HLA alleles and HAM/TSP in individuals infected with HTLV-1

Treviño¹,

Vicário

López³

et al. 2013

J Neurol

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HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) develops in less than 5 % of HTLV-1 carriers. It is unclear which factors trigger the development of disease. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of HLA alleles on the development of HAM/TSP. A total of 40 HTLV-1-infected individuals belonging to the Spanish HTLV-1 cohort were examined. HTLV-1 proviral load was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) alleles were genotyped using the bead array technology. Median HTLV-1 proviral load in 12 HAM/TSP patients was greater than in 28 asymptomatic carriers (637 vs. 71 copies per 10(4) peripheral blood mononuclear cells; p = 0.006). Moreover, HAM/TSP was significantly associated with HLA-B 07 and HLA-DRB1 01:01 (p = 0.039). Interestingly, individuals with these HLA alleles had greater HTLV-1 proviral load than asymptomatic carriers (p = 0.036). In summary, HLA testing should be considered in asymptomatic HTLV-1 individuals and close monitoring of HTLV-1 proviral load along with periodic neurological evaluations should be prioritized in HLA-DRB1 01:01 and HLA-B 07 carriers.

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“…It is estimated that approximately 10 million people are infected with HTLV-1 around the world, but most of them remain asymptomatic throughout the rest of their lives [7] . Only a small proportion (2%-5%) of HTLV-1-infected humans progress to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a very aggressive form of leukemia [9] . Another important HTLV-1-associated disease is HAM/TSP (HTLVassociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis), a type of neurological demyelinating disease [10,11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis

et al. 2017

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a rapidly progressing clonal malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Exploring the host-HTLV-1 interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying HTLV-1-mediated tumorigenesis is critical for developing efficient therapies against the viral infection and associated leukemia/lymphoma. It has been demonstrated to date that several HTLV-1 proteins play key roles in the cellular transformation and immortalization of infected T lymphocytes. Of note, the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax inhibits the innate IFN response through interaction with MAVS, STING and RIP1, causing the suppression of TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7. The HTLV-1 protein HBZ disrupts genomic integrity and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy of the target cells. Furthermore, it is revealed that HBZ enhances the proliferation of ATL cells and facilitates evasion of the infected cells from immunosurveillance. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which HTLV-1 mediates the formation of cancer as well as useful strategies for the development of new therapeutic interventions against ATL. In this article, we review the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease caused by HTLV-1 infection. In addition, we discuss the future direction for targeting HTLV-1-associated cancers and strategies against HTLV-1.

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Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Survey

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Association between HLA alleles and HAM/TSP in individuals infected with HTLV-1

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis

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