Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Treviño, Ana; Aguilera, Antonio; Caballero, Estrella; Benito, Rafael; Parra, Patricia; Eiros, José María; Hernandez, Araceli; Calderón, E.; Rodrı́guez, Manuel; Torres, Alvaro; García, Juan González; Ramos, José Manuel; Roc, Lourdes; Marcaida, Goitzane; Rodrı́guez, Carmen; Trigo, Matilde; Gómez, César Pereiro; Lejarazu, Raúl Ortíz de; Mendoza, Carmen de; Soriano, Vincent

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-9-71

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…HTLV-2 infection is frequently present in European injecting drug users coinfected with HIV [50][51][52]. Abad-Fernandez et al [53] studied the effect of IFN-alpha on HTLV-2 in 57 patients with HTLV-2/HIV/HCV coinfection and at least 1°year of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Ifn-alpha In Hiv Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Current views on interferon therapy for HIV

Rivero‐Juárez

Frías

Rivero

2016

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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The role of IFN-alpha has been dismissed in the area of HIV therapy. For this reason, with the advent of HAART, which substantially reduced mortality and the appearance of AIDS, IFN-alpha ceased to be used as an antiretroviral agent in different strategies. In contrast, because of the promising results achieved with IFN-alpha therapy in eliminating the HIV viral reservoir, this may constitute the main research field for IFN-alpha in the HIV setting.

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Section: Potential Role Of Ifn-alpha In Hiv Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Current views on interferon therapy for HIV

Rivero‐Juárez

Frías

Rivero

2016

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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“…Approximately 10-20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide [2]. Endemic areas include South America, Southwestern Japan, Central Africa, the Melanesian Islands, the Caribbean basin, and the Middle East [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

et al. 2015

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Considering that there is no effective treatment for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, this study aimed to assess the impact of triple combination therapy-interferon-α, valproic acid, and prednisolone-on clinical outcomes, main HTLV-1 viral factors, and host anti-HTLV-1 antibody response. HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), and HBZ and Tax mRNA expression levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis before and after treatment with 180 μg pegylated interferon once a week, 10-20 mg/kg/day sodium valproate, and 5 mg/day prednisolone for 25 weeks using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Furthermore, anti-HTLV-1 titer, Osame Motor Disability Score, Ashworth spasticity scale, and urinary symptoms (through standard questionnaire and clinical monitoring) were assessed in patients before and after the treatment. HTLV-1 PVL and HBZ expression significantly decreased after the treatment [PVL from 1443±282 to 660±137 copies/10 4 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p= 0.01); and HBZ from 8.0±1.5 to 3.0±0.66 (p<0.01)]. Tax mRNA expression decreased after the treatment from 2.26± 0.45 to 1.44±0.64, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p=0.10). Furthermore, anti-HTLV-1 titer reduced dramatically after the treatment, from 3123±395 to 815±239 (p<0.01). Clinical signs and symptoms, according to Osame Motor Disability Score and Ashworth score, improved significantly (both p<0.01). Urinary symptoms and sensory disturbances with lower back pain were reduced, though not to a statistically significant degree. Although signs and symptoms of spasticity were improved, frequent urination and urinary incontinence were not significantly affected by the triple therapy. The results provide new insight into the complicated conditions underlying HTLV-1-associated diseases.

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“…In recent surveys, rates of 0.01% were seen testing 20,518 pregnant women, 29 and of 0.06% testing individuals attended in hospitals for any reason. 30 However, when surveys were conducted testing immigrant populations, rates increased to 0.2% among foreign pregnant women living in Spain, coming mainly from Latin American and Africa. 29 Given the benefit of preventing vertical transmission, antenatal HTLV-1 screening is currently recommended in pregnant women from endemic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Spain

Treviño¹,

Alcântara

Benito

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in Spain is rare and mainly affects immigrants from endemic regions and native Spaniards with a prior history of sexual intercourse with persons from endemic countries. Herein, we report the main clinical and virological features of cases reported in Spain. All individuals with HTLV-1 infection recorded at the national registry since 1989 were examined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. A total of 229 HTLV-1 cases had been reported up to December 2012. The mean age was 41 years old and 61% were female. Their country of origin was Latin America in 59%, Africa in 15%, and Spain in 20%. Transmission had occurred following sexual contact in 41%, parenteral exposure in 12%, and vertically in 9%. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was diagnosed in 27 cases and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 17 subjects. HTLV-1 subtype could be obtained for 45 patients; all but one belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a. One Nigerian pregnant woman harbored HTLV-1 subtype b. Within the Cosmopolitan subtype a, two individuals (from Bolivia and Peru, respectively) belonged to the Japanese subgroup B, another two (from Senegal and Mauritania) to the North African subgroup D, and 39 to the Transcontinental subgroup A. Of note, one divergent HTLV-1 strain from an Ethiopian branched off from all five known Cosmopolitan subtype 1a subgroups. Divergent HTLV-1 strains have been introduced and currently circulate in Spain. The relatively large proportion of symptomatic cases (19%) suggests that HTLV-1 infection is underdiagnosed in Spain.

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Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Current views on interferon therapy for HIV

Current views on interferon therapy for HIV

Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Spain

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