Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the Central Nervous System

Akkaya, Oya

doi:10.7754/clin.lab.2020.201111

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This causes signs of brain dysfunction such as seizures, focal neurological dysfunction and coma, in addition to headache, fever and vomiting. Encephalitis may be caused by La Crosse virus, measles virus, Epstein-Barr virus, etc [ 75 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Spinal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology: An overview

Velnar¹,

Kocivnik²,

Bosnjak³

2023

World J Clin Cases

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Central nervous system (CNS) infections are urgent conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi can cause them. Intracranial infections after craniotomies are an important complication of treatment, especially in oncological patients that are already immunologically compromised due to the disease and treatment. The consequence of CNS infections in oncological patients includes longer treatment with antibiotics, additional surgical procedures, higher treatment costs and poorer treatment outcomes. Additionally, the management of primary pathology may be prolonged or postponed as a result of the active infection. By introducing new and improved protocols, tightening controls on their implementation, constantly educating the entire team involved in patient treatment and educating both patients and relatives, the incidence of infections can be reduced effectively.

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Section: Spinal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology: An overview

Velnar¹,

Kocivnik²,

Bosnjak³

2023

World J Clin Cases

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“…In a clinical study that has recently been published by Ordoñez et al [ 78 ], HSV-1 was observed to contribute to the complex mechanisms of autoimmunity of Bell’s palsy, the most common acute neuropathy of cranial nerves. Infection with HSV-2 has been reported to cause various neurological complications such as encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, recurrent radiculopathy, and myelitis (particularly in immunocompromised people) [ 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Flavonoids Target Human Herpesviruses Of the Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids Target Human Herpesviruses That Infect the Nervous System: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Insights

Šudomová¹,

Berchová‐Bímová

Mazuráková

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are large DNA viruses with highly infectious characteristics. HHVs can induce lytic and latent infections in their host, and most of these viruses are neurotropic, with the capacity to generate severe and chronic neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of HHV infections based on strategies that include natural products-derived drugs is one of the most rapidly developing fields of modern medicine. Therefore, in this paper, we lend insights into the recent advances that have been achieved during the past five years in utilizing flavonoids as promising natural drugs for the treatment of HHVs infections of the nervous system such as alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and varicella-zoster virus), beta-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus), and gamma-herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). The neurological complications associated with infections induced by the reviewed herpesviruses are emphasized. Additionally, this work covers all possible mechanisms and pathways by which flavonoids induce promising therapeutic actions against the above-mentioned herpesviruses.

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“…When viral infection of the CNS is suspected, empiric antiviral therapy with acyclovir should be administered until the results of specific PCR for HSV on CSF samples are found to be negative [67][68][69][70][71][72]. HSV encephalitis is a devastating infection that may have a subtle presentation and needs prompt therapy [73].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Driven by this scenario, the use of empiric acyclovir has increased in recent decades, raising concern about its appropriateness considering that an empiric antiviral course, particularly beyond neonatal age, may be associated with adverse effects and may prolong hospitalization [74,76]. On the other hand, the incidence of HSV encephalitis seems very low in children and adolescents, accounting for 1 case every 1,000,000 children and adolescents per year and representing 0.4% of encephalitis cases in infants aged less than 3 months [67]. Some recent studies have suggested that empiric treatment in older infants and children should be considered only in appropriate clinical scenarios in which the patient has clinical signs of acute encephalitis (i.e., focal neurological impairment, seizures, altered mental status, suggestive findings in neuroimaging or electroencephalography) and in immunocompromised patients [76,77].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Viral Infections Involving the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients

et al. 2021

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Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are mainly caused by viruses, and these infections can be life-threatening in pediatric patients. Although the prognosis of CNS infections is often favorable, mortality and long-term sequelae can occur. The aims of this narrative review were to describe the specific microbiological and clinical features of the most frequent pathogens and to provide an update on the diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for viral CNS infections in children. A literature analysis showed that the most common pathogens worldwide are enteroviruses, arboviruses, parechoviruses, and herpesviruses, with variable prevalence rates in different countries. Lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed as soon as possible when CNS infection is suspected, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples should always be sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Due to the lack of specific therapies, the management of viral CNS infections is mainly based on supportive care, and empiric treatment against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection should be started as soon as possible. Some researchers have questioned the role of acyclovir as an empiric antiviral in older children due to the low incidence of HSV infection in this population and observed that HSV encephalitis may be clinically recognizable beyond neonatal age. However, the real benefit-risk ratio of selective approaches is unclear, and further studies are needed to define appropriate indications for empiric acyclovir. Research is needed to find specific therapies for emerging pathogens. Moreover, the appropriate timing of monitoring neurological development, performing neuroimaging evaluations and investigating the effectiveness of rehabilitation during follow-up should be evaluated with long-term studies.

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Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology: An overview

Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology: An overview

Flavonoids Target Human Herpesviruses That Infect the Nervous System: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Insights

Update on Viral Infections Involving the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients

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