Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Canadian Swine Herds and Identification of a Novel Variant of Swine Hepatitis E Virus

Yoo, Dongwan; Willson, Philip; Pei, YL; Hayes, Michael; Deckert, Anne E.; Dewey, Catherine E.; Friendship, Robert; Yoon, Younju; Gottschalk, Marcelo; Yason, Carmencita V.; Giulivi, Antonio

doi:10.1128/cdli.8.6.1213-1219.2001

Cited by 88 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Obtained results indicated that HEV is highly prevalent in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wild boar with a mean seroprevalence rate of 43.75% and 57.05%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate in Lithuanian pigs nearly corroborates study reports from Canada (Yoo et al 2001), Spain (Seminati et al 2008) and Switzerland (Burri et al 2014) where 38-59.5% of tested serum samples had antibodies against HEV. In contrast, a study from the UK indicated that 92.8% of 640 pigs sampled at slaughter were seropositive to HEV (Tedder 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Spancernienė

Buitkuvienė²,

Grigas

et al. 2016

Acta Vet. Brno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E is an important public health concern disease that causes acute hepatitis in humans with different hepatitis E virus strains reported among domestic and wild animals. In Lithuania, seroprevalence studies on animals considered to be possible virus reservoirs, particularly in wildlife species, had never been investigated before. In order to assess the actual distribution of the virus in the domestic pig and wildlife species, serum samples originating from different geographic areas of Lithuania were tested for the presence of antibodies to the virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study results proved that hepatitis E virus infection is prevalent among domestic pigs, wild boar, moose, and roe deer in Lithuania, with the overall prevalence of IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus being 43.75%, 57.05%, 11.76%, and 1.20%, respectively. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) seroprevalence values of 53.66% and 80% were observed in weaned pigs and adult wild boar. Herds with 15 001-30 000 pigs were 2.4 times more likely (P < 0.01) to test positive for hepatitis E virus antibodies (70.18%), than herds with ≤ 500 pigs (21.11%). The differences in seroprevalence rates between domestic pigs (from 25 to 66.67%) and wild boar (from 42.86 to 73.33% ) in all 10 counties were not significant (P > 0.05). Estimated low seroprevalence rate in moose, roe deer and absence of antibodies in red deer suggest that such wildlife species are accidental hosts of hepatitis E virus or at least hepatitis E virus is not present in Lithuanian cervides. HEV, sow, wild boar, cervidae, serum, zoonosisAccording to data reported by the World Health Organization (2015), in humans there are estimated 20 million cases of hepatitis E infections, over 3 million symptomatic cases of hepatitis E, and 56 600 hepatitis E-related deaths every year. Therefore, hepatitis E is considered an emerging zoonotic disease in many developing and industrialized countries. The aetiological agent of the disease is hepatitis E virus (HEV) that affects multiple hosts. The HEV is unique among known hepatitis (A, B, C, D) viruses because domestic pigs, wild boar, deer, and other animal species are considered to be possible reservoirs of HEV. Up to date, at least seven genotypes of HEV have been reported, and five of them have been described in humans (HEV-1 and HEV-2 anthroponotic, HEV-3 and HEV-4 zoonotic, HEV-7 zoonotic potential is still being questioned) (Roth et al. 2016). In contrast to humans, pigs and wild boar infected by HEV do not show obvious clinical manifestations.The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated meat of domestic pig, wild boar or deer and also seafood receiving sewage sludge or direct contact with infected animals have been identified as modes of transmission linked to autochthonous sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E in humans (Pavio et al. 2010;Kaba et al. 2013). Moreover, increased distribution and availability of game meat poses a major risk for foodborne transmission of HEV worldwide. In addition,

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Spancernienė

Buitkuvienė²,

Grigas

et al. 2016

Acta Vet. Brno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings suggested that the HEV infections were already prevailing at swine farms located in these regions. Other serological studies conducted in several countries similarly indicated a serious HEV infection status in pigs [1,3,9,25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It was also revealed that considerably large populations of pigs were already infected with swine HEV. Seroprevalence studies indicated that about 15-70% of pigs were infected with HEV in several countries [3,4,12,25]. The infection rate of pigs measured by detecting HEV RNA in the fecal specimens showed approximately 40% of pigs in the U.S.A. were infected by HEV [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Fecal Shedding Rates and Genotypes of Swine Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Korea

Kim

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection induces an acute hepatitis or a subclinical disease in humans. It is known that HEV is a zoonotic agent and pigs are major reservoirs of HEV. This study was conducted to determine the fecal shedding rates of HEV in various age groups of pigs and identify the genotypes of swine HEV prevailing in Korea. A total of 565 fecal samples were collected from suckling piglets, post-weaning pigs, growing pigs, and sows at 12 swine farms. RT-PCR was used to detect the presence of swine HEV in the feces. Every swine farm examined in this study had HEV-infected pigs. The fecal shedding rates of the swine HEV at individual farms were in the range of 2.1-35.4%. The overall fecal shedding rate of HEV in individual pigs was 17.5%. The HEV shedding rates of suckling piglets, post-weaning pigs, growing pigs and sows in their feces were 6.3, 16.3, 38.0 and 9.3%, respectively. When the genotypes of swine HEVs identified in this study were determined, they were all grouped into genotype 3. They were further subdivided into subtype 3a together with human and swine HEVs isolated in the U.S.A.

show abstract

“…Διαπιστώ θηκε ότι αντι-HEV ανιχνεύονται σε χοίρους, και μάλιστα σε πολΰ υψηλά ποσοστά, τόσο σε χώρες όπου ενδημεί ο ιός όσο και σε άλλες. Έτσι αντι-HEV ανιχνεύθηκαν σε χοίρους: στο 76,4% στη Γερμανία, στο 92 έως 95% στην Αυστραλία, έως και 91% στη Νέα Ζηλανδία, στο 37% στην Ταϊβάν, από 38,3% έως 88,8% στον Καναδά, στο 54,6% έως 74,4% στις Ινδίες, στο 80% στην Ελλάδα , Chandler et al 1999, Kraemer et al 1999, Hsieh et al 1999, Garkavenko et al 2001, Yoo et al 2001, Arankalle et al 2001, Wu et al 2002, Siochu, μη δημοσιευμένα στοιχεία, 2003.…”

Section: αντι-Hev σε χοιρουςunclassified

“…Επίσης ανακαλΰφθηκαν και ταυτοποιήθηκαν και σε άλλες χώρες στελέχη του ιοΰ σε χοίρους. Η σΰγκριση στελεχών ανθρώπων-χοίρων έδειξε ότι γηγενή στελέχη ανθρώπων και χοίρων από ίδιες γεωγραφικές περιοχές, ενδημίας ή μη, παρουσιάζουν πολΰ μεγάλη ομοιότητα στο γονιδίωμά τους, ενώ διαφοροποιοΰνται σε μεγάλο βαθμό ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ 2003,54(3) JOURNAL OF THE HELLENIC VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY 2003,54(3) http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 30/04/2019 07:15:22 | από τα στελέχη άλλων γεωγραφικών περιοχών (Hsieh et al 1998, Hsieh et al 1999, Okamoto et al 2001, Yoo et al 2001, V.Der Poel et al 2001.…”

Section: σχεση Hev-στελεχων ανθρωπων-χοιρωνunclassified

Hepatitis E

SIOCHU¹

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HEV is responsible for large epidemics of acute hepatitis and sporadic cases in southeast and central Asia, the Middle East, parts of Africa and Mexico. Few HEV infections have been reported in non-travelers in industrialized countries, including the Netherlands. HEV infection spreads by the fecal-oral route, usually through contaminated water. The clinical illness resembles other forms of acute viral hepatitis, with onset after an incubation period of one to eight weeks. Clinical attack rates are the highest among young adults. In younger age groups, infections are more often anicteric and asymptomatic. Chronic HEV infection has not been observed. Although the death rate is usually low (0.07% to 0.6%), the illness may be particularly severe among pregnant women, with death rates as high as 25%. To date, no specific treatment is available for HEV infection. Ensuring a clean drinking water supply remains the best preventive strategy. HEV is a small, non-enveloped virus that has apositive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 7.2 Kb. The genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs). In general, different genotypes circulate within different geographical areas, (genotype 1: Southeast and Central Asia, genotype 2: Mexico, genotype 3: USA-US1,US2 , SwUS and genotype 4: China). HEV was initially considered to be a member of the family Caliciviridae. However, on the basis of comparative phylogenetic analysis, it was recendy removed from the Caliciviridae family. In Western Europe and the United States, clinical cases of hepatitis caused by HEV are rare and most often they have been associated with travel to areas, where HEV is endemic. However, novel strains of HEV have been isolated in the US and in Europe from patients without a history of travel to regions endemic for HEV. Serological studies in industrialized countries have shown that the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies is 1-6% among blood donors and is much higher in some populations. The cause of this relatively high prevalence of anti-HEV in countries, where clinical hepatitis E is rare, is unknown. Balayan et al. first demonstrated that domestic pigs could be experimentally infected with a human HEV isolate. Clayson et al. subsequently detected RNA and antibodies of HEV in pigs in Nepal, but the virus was not characterized. A unique swine HEV was first isolated in 1997. Later studies revealed that swine from other countries, such as Australia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Canada, Spain and Greece, were also infected with HEV. The swine HEV strain isolated from a pig in Illinois is genetically very closely related to two U.S. strains of human HEV. Similarly, the swine HEV strains isolated from pigs in Taiwan are closely related to Taiwanese strains of human HEV. Interspecies transmission of HEV has been experimentally demonstrated: swine HEV infected non-human primates and a strain of human HEV infected pigs. Also, HEV from swine might sometimes be transmitted to humans through environmental contact. These findings implicate a possible transmission of the virus from pigs to humans. These data suggested that HEV infection of humans through contact with pigs may be possible and that swine veterinarians and other pig handlers may be at risk of zoonotic infection.

show abstract

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Canadian Swine Herds and Identification of a Novel Variant of Swine Hepatitis E Virus

Cited by 88 publications

References 41 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Determination of Fecal Shedding Rates and Genotypes of Swine Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Korea

Hepatitis E

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About