Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen among healthy asymptomatic students in a Nigerian University

Aminu, Maryam; Okachi, Emmanuel E; Abubakar, Sani Atta; Yahaya, Abdullateef

doi:10.4103/1596-3519.108257

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Main risk factors for both hepatitis C virus and HBV were exposure to dental procedures and surgery in one study. 32 Although in other studies, 33,34 reuse of razor blades and needle-stick injuries have been documented as risk factors for HBV infection, we did not find this so in our study. In yet another study, risk factors such as unprotected sex, mouth-to-mouth kissing, blood transfusion, public barbing salon clipper cuts, manicure and pedicure cuts, and scarification were not significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…However, they reported that students who had been cut with reused razor blades and who had needle-stick injuries were more likely to be infected. 33 We found out that the majority of those married demonstrated evidence of past infection by the presence of anti-HBc while there was a higher proportion of susceptible persons among unmarried respondents. Unprotected sex is known to be a means of transmission of HBV, and marriage provides a means of unprotected sex, which could increase the chances of exposure and transmission of HBV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Olayinka

Oyemakinde

Balogun

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

102

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Abstract. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for about 1 million deaths worldwide annually. This study was to determine the prevalence, distribution of HBV, and factors associated with infection in an apparently healthy population in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study among the general population was conducted employing a multistage sampling technique. Data on demographic, social, and behavioral indicators were collected using questionnaires and blood samples tested for HBV seromarkers. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was 12.2% (confidence interval [CI] = 10.3-14.5). Of the participants, more than half, 527 (54.6%), had evidence of previous exposure to HBV, while 306 (31.7%) showed no serologic evidence of infection or vaccination. Only 76 (7.9%) participants showed serologic evidence of immunity to HBV through vaccination. Factors associated with testing positive for HBV infection were dental procedure outside the health facility (odds ratios [OR] = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.52-7.70), local circumcision (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.17-2.57), and uvulectomy (OR = 1.65, 95% = 1.06-2.57). With logistic regression, only dental procedure outside the health facility (adjusted OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.38-7.97) remained significant. This first national survey on seroprevalence of hepatitis B describes the epidemiology and high prevalence of HBV infection in Nigeria and highlights the need for improved vaccination against HBV.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Olayinka

Oyemakinde

Balogun

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2 The major route of transmitting the virus is by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood and other body fluids such as saliva, semen, sweat, breast milk, tears, urine, and vaginal secretion. 3 The virus can also be transmitted among family members within households from carriers, possibly by contact of non-intact skin or mucous membrane with secretions or saliva containing HBV by the oral route or by sexual or intimate exposure. 3 However, at least 30% of reported hepatitis B among adults cannot be associated with an identifiable risk factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The virus can also be transmitted among family members within households from carriers, possibly by contact of non-intact skin or mucous membrane with secretions or saliva containing HBV by the oral route or by sexual or intimate exposure. 3 However, at least 30% of reported hepatitis B among adults cannot be associated with an identifiable risk factor. 3 Factors affecting the prevalence of chronic HBV include age at the time of infection and mode of acquisition, which vary geographically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, at least 30% of reported hepatitis B among adults cannot be associated with an identifiable risk factor. 3 Factors affecting the prevalence of chronic HBV include age at the time of infection and mode of acquisition, which vary geographically. 4,5 In the United States and Western Europe, HBV is often acquired in adolescence or adulthood via sexual contact or injection drug use; while in Ghana and Africa, the major means of HBV is through Vertical exposure from mother to child and horizontal transmission from child to child usually in pre-schools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen amongst pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Volta region, Ghana

Luuse

Dassah

Lokpo

et al. 2017

J Public Health Afr

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global challenge, although there is currently a safe and effective vaccine available. HBV prevalence in Ghana is not well documented, but vary regionally from 4.8% to 12.3% in the general population, 10.8% to 12.7% in blood donors and about 10.6% in pregnant women. This puts Ghana among the high endemic countries in Africa. The study objective was to determine the sero-prevalence of HBs antigen (Ag) and HBeAg among pregnant women in the Ho municipality. Two hundred and eigh participants (pregnant women), attending Ho Municipal antenatal clinic were enrolled into the study. This study recorded a HBsAg sero-prevalence rate of 2.4% among the pregnant women, with primigravida pregnant women recording (0.98%) and multigravida (1.42%). The prevalence of HBsAg among the pregnant women can be classified as Low Intermediate; therefore there is still the need for routine screening of pregnant women during antenatal visits. Amongst HBsAg positives, HBeAg positivity was significantly high (40% of all HBsAg positive women), which suggests high chances of carrier and vertical transmission (mother to child) state.

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Studies on the serological markers for hepatitis B virus infection among type 2 diabetic patients

Ndako

Nwankiti

Olorundare

et al. 2021

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Hepatitis B infection is a public health concern globally. HBV can be associated with type II diabetes mellitus, as HBV outbreaks have been observed among diabetics in healthcare facilities. This study evaluates the prevalence of HBV infection among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Method A total of one hundred and eighty (180) diabetic patients and one‐hundred non‐diabetics (Controls) were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples obtained were screened using the HBsAg ELISA kit; CTK Biotech, Inc, while the 5 panel kit—rapid diagnostic test, was used to assay for serological markers. Questionnaires were used to obtain relevant information and demographic data. Result Overall prevalence of HBV infection among diabetes patients was 13.3%. Breakdown showed 9 (5.0%) seropositivity was obtained among male subjects compared to 15(8.3%) recorded among the females, P = .834; P < .05. Subjects aged 41‐50 years recorded, 7(3.9%) positivity P = .774; P > .05. Educational status of participants showed 22 (12.2%) positivity among subjects with tertiary level of education P = .032; P < .05). Risk factors considered showed that 5(2.8%).seropositive subjects were alcoholic consumers ( P value = .9711; P > .05). Result among non‐diabetics (Control) subjects showed (4%) seropositivity among the male subjects compared to (5.0%) seropositivity recorded among the female subjects ( P = .739; P > .05). Conclusion There is an indication of higher risk of HBV infection among type 2 diabetic patients when compared to non‐diabetics. There is the need for more research on this area of study, to further validate the association between HBV infection and Diabetes Mellitus.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen among healthy asymptomatic students in a Nigerian University

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen amongst pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Volta region, Ghana

Studies on the serological markers for hepatitis B virus infection among type 2 diabetic patients

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