2018
DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1454824
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Prevalence of heavy metals and computation of its associated risk in surface water consumed in Ado-Odo Ota, South-West Nigeria

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Cited by 25 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…Metal concentrations in the surface water were lower than those measured in a tropical manmade lake Southwestern Nigeria [33]. Similarly, the metal concentrations were also lower than those measured in River Balogun which had metal concentrations higher than WHO standards [34].…”
Section: Physical and Chemical Parametersmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…Metal concentrations in the surface water were lower than those measured in a tropical manmade lake Southwestern Nigeria [33]. Similarly, the metal concentrations were also lower than those measured in River Balogun which had metal concentrations higher than WHO standards [34].…”
Section: Physical and Chemical Parametersmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…A significant risk may occur for non-cancer effect if the Hazard index is greater than one. The Hazard index value less than one means that there is no chance of non-cancer effect happening [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another parameter that varied as explained were the body weight of the different categories. The body weight (kg) varied at 9.1, 29.3, 54.2, 67.6, 67.6, 78.8 and 80 [6] and finally, average time (ATr) in Days was constant at 2190 for the first four age groups and also constant at 7300 for the last three age groups as well [6] .The values presented in Table 2 are in accordance with laid down models or equations approved by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and have been used in several studies in the literature [6] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] for estimating the chronic daily dose (CDD) or average daily dose (ADD) of heavy metals measured in mg/kg/day. The values obtained through laboratory analysis (see Table 1 ) are inputted into Eqs.…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the measured in mg/kg/day stands for a maximum acceptable oral reference dose for a typical heavy metal varies for different metals. Table 2 presents the values of for different metals obtained in this study [9] , [10] , [15] . Several literatures have established that a risk is very likely when the is equal or greater than unity while the probability of a risk not occurring is postulated when is less than unity [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%