Prevalence of HBV genotypes among Egyptian hepatitis patients

Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis has led to the classification of hepatitis B virus into eight genotypes, designated A to H. The genotypes have differences in biological properties and show heterogeneity in their global distribution. These attributes of the genotypes may account not only for differences in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus mutants in various geographic regions, but also makes them responsible for differences in the clinical outcome and response to antiviral treatment in different population groups. Africa is one of the highly endemic regions of HBV with five genotypes (A-E) identified. Almost all patients in the Mediterranean area are infected with genotype D. However, there is little information of genotype distribution in Egypt. A total of 140 Egyptian patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled in this study. Of the 140 patients, only 100 patients were HBV DNA positive and only these were included in the study. They were classified into 20 patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 75 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 5 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV genotypes were determined using INNO-LiPA methodology which is based on the reversed hybridization principle. This study showed that genotype D constituted 87% of the total infections (75 CAH cases, 7 AH cases and 5 HCC cases). The other 13% showed mixed infections of D/F. These findings show that the most prevalent genotype in Egypt is genotype D especially in CAH and HCC patients while the mixed type D/F is only encountered in AH.

Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq

“…Predominantly patients in the non-replicative phase are characterized by seroconversion of HBeAg to anti-HBe, very low or undetectable serum HBV DNA levels (usually <2000 IU/ ml) and normal serum aminotransferases (approximately 40 IU/ml) conferring a favorable long-term outcome due to immunological control of the infection [3,25,26]. Similar results were obtained by Khaled et al [19] who found from 140 HBV infected patients (all of them were positive for HBsAg) only 100 patients were positive for HBV DNA.…”

“…Also, Al-Aboudi and Al-Hmudi [18] reported that 28.5% of patients were positive for HBsAg whereas 24.2% of recovery patients were positive for this antigen. In Egypt, Khaled et al [19] studied 140 HBV Egyptian patients and found that all of them were positive for HBsAg. In Iran, Ghafourian et al [20] showed that among 58 of CHB patients 55 (94.8%) were positive for HBsAg.…”

Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D Predominates HBsAg-Positive Egyptian Blood Donors and Is Mainly Associated with a Negative HBeAg Serostatus

“…On the other hand, other studies performed in Egypt have demonstrated the simultaneous presence of HBV genotypes B and D among pediatric patients with cancer [22] and also B and D, with a few A and C, genotypes among hepatocellular carcinoma adult patients in Cairo [23]. Another study reported that HBV genotype D represented 87% of 100 HBV-DNA-positive patients, including 20 patients with acute hepatitis, 75 patients with chronic active hepatitis and 5 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; the rest of the subjects (all were acute hepatitis cases) had a mixed D/F genotype [24]. …”

Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections among prisoners: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

“…These infections lead to a particularly high morbidity and mortality. (1,2) Blood born diseases (including HBV and HCV infections) are generally more frequent in prisons than in the community. (3,4) These high prevalence can be mostly attributed to conditions often experienced by prisoners before incarceration such as: unsafe lifestyles, psychiatric and social problems.…”