Prevalence of groin pain in unicycle athletes: A nationwide questionnaire survey

Abstract

Background and purpose: This nationwide questionnaire survey was performed to clarify the prevalence of groin pain in unicycle athletes and to reveal the relationship between groin pain and factors such as age or athletic career. Patients and methods: To evaluate the prevalence of groin pain, the questionnaire was sent to 1304 unicyclists belonging to the Japan Unicycle Association. All subjects aged 6 years or older at the time they answered the questionnaire. Results: Overall, 17% of unicyclists complained of groin pain. Pain was more common in those aged 13–19 years and in those with a career lasting more than 6 years. Conclusion: The incidence of groin pain (17%) among unicyclists is higher than that among athletes participating in other sports. Unicyclists aged between 13 and 19 years old and those with an athletic career of more than 6 years often suffer from groin pain.

Evolution of implicate order from amorphous to polycrystalline Sn-doped In2O3 films determined by in situ two-dimensional X-ray diffraction measurements

“…At first, it has been applied for constructing reciprocal space mappings. 23,24) However, recently, the time-dependent evolution of the crystallization of a-In 2 O 3 films during annealing isothermally has been monitored using the grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering technique with a 2D detector. 25) This report determined the degree of crystallinity by a quantitative analysis of the timeevolved X-ray scattering patterns.…”

Improvement of tin oxide single crystal on anm-plane sapphire substrate by mist chemical vapor deposition

“…11(a The degree of lattice relaxation of the epitaxial doublelayer SnO 2 film was analyzed by the RSM measurement around the SnO 2 202 reflection for SnO 2 [100] direction, and the SnO 2 022 reflection for SnO 2 [010] direction, using the 1D mode of the 2D detector. 47) A Ge 220 two-bounce monochromator-collimator device was installed in the incident optics system for this measurement. In this measurement, RSM analyses for two different azimuthal directions were performed, because there is lateral crystallographic anisotropy of m-plane sapphire substrate.…”