Prevalence of facial asymmetry in Tirupati population: A posteroanterior cephalometric and photographic study

Reddy, M R Haranadha; Bogavilli, Srinivasa R; Raghavendra, V; Polina, Venkata S; Basha, Shaik Z; Preetham, R

doi:10.4103/2231-0762.197194

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The results showed that facial asymmetry tended more to the left of the face than to the right. However, the mandibular menton tended to the right than to the left [7,10,11,12]. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the increasing size of the right hemisphere of the brain affected functional activity and facial structure [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Teora

Sumardi

Widayati

2019

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To determine the skeletal and dental components in patients with facial asymmetry treated at the orthodontic specialist clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the tracing of postero-anterior cephalograms of patients aged >14 years 4.2 months for males and >11 years 6.2 months for females using the Grummons analysis. A total of 46 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The proportions of asymmetric direction based on the deviation of the mandibular menton, maxillary midline, and mandibular midline tending to the left and the right sides of the face were 58.7% and 41.3%, respectively. The skeletal component found in the vertical direction showed a greater mean value difference than that observed in the transverse direction. The mean value difference was greater in the midline of the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth. Conclusion: Facial asymmetry tended more towards the left side of the face than the right side. Moreover, the skeletal component was greater in the vertical direction than the transverse direction. In the transverse direction, it was shown that the left side of the face was larger than the right side. In addition, dental asymmetry was more commonly observed in the midline of the mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Teora

Sumardi

Widayati

2019

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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“…In this regard, an investigation showed that moderate to severe mandibular asymmetry could be found in normal children [ 18 ]. Another study demonstrated that mild facial hard tissue and right-sided asymmetry could be frequently found in the average population [ 27 ]. On the other hand, the lower third of the face and the lateral landmarks are commonly involved in facial asymmetries; for example, the chin, ramus, and GO point show higher asymmetry [ 25 , 26 ], and it has been shown that 74% of 1460 patients who were referred for orthodontic surgery had lower third facial asymmetry [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of hard tissue facial symmetry after unilateral mandibular reconstruction

Khaghaninejad

Khojastepour

Ahmadi

et al. 2021

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg

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Background This study aimed to determine how successful reconstruction of the mandible can recover the symmetry. Materials and methods All patients who underwent surgical treatment for unilateral mandibular reconstruction in 4 years were retrospectively examined. Bilateral differences of gonion (GO) positions were measured in 3 dimensions based on immediate postoperative computed tomography. The data collected was analyzed in 3 ways: First, the comparison of bilateral differences of GO in 3 dimensions. Second, the mean Asymmetry Index in control subjects was used to divide all cases into three groups: “Symmetry,” “Asymmetry,” and “Marked asymmetry.” Third, “maximum normal asymmetry” was calculated, and all cases were categorized as below and above maximum normal asymmetry. The difference between two gonial angles was used to determine the amount of asymmetry. Results Forty-seven patients and 47 normal adults were enrolled. The mean bilateral GO difference in the control group was higher than in the study group patients, but it was not statistically significant. The mean Asymmetry Index for the control group was not also significantly higher than the study cases. The study group was “Symmetric” in 78.7% of the cases whereas the control group in 91.4%, 19.1% of the study group and 8.5% of controls were “Asymmetric,” and 2.1% of study cases and 0% of controls were “Markedly Asymmetric.” Maximum normal asymmetry was 82.9% in the study group and 97.8% in the control group. The mean differences between the right and left gonial angles were higher in the study group, but it was not significant (P = 0.1). Conclusions Our study’s results showed that bilateral symmetry in mandibular reconstruction patients was satisfactory and similar to the normal individuals.

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“…However, it has been shown that this measuring point can deviate considerably from the median sagittal. A current application of photographic analysis of faces to define symmetry is a recent study (19) aligning the midline at the point subnasale and the center between the eyes and eyebrows. The study was based on measurements and recommendations published by Grimmons and Kappeyne (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every current cephalometric examination compares its results with normative standards (6,7,10). However, the examination technique used has a considerable influence on the examination results (7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The basis of a meaningful comparison of data is that the defining parameters for the calculation of standard values are appropriately determined and the examined material is selected as representative for the calculation of the standard (21)(22)(23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships of Reference Points, Planes and Skull Symmetry on Posterior-anterior Cephalograms in Healthy Young Adults

Friedrich

Christ

Scheuer³

2021

In Vivo

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Background: Radiological cephalometry is an important diagnostic tool for analyzing the shape and proportions of the skull. Standardized teleradiography of the skull in posterior-anterior (PA) projection provides orientation data on the symmetry and vertical relations of the skull. The comparison of individual findings with normal values places high demands on the selection of a control group. The aim of this study was to characterize a group to be used as a standard for cephalometric comparisons. Patients and Methods: PA teleradiographs of 23 healthy young adults were analyzed. Distances from reference measuring points to the median sagittal plane and the orbital horizontal plane were made. All individuals showed ideal occlusion. None of the participants had been subjected to orthodontic therapy or craniomaxillofacial surgery. Results: The measurement results showed a high degree of lateral symmetry of the skeletal reference points and planes. Comparison of the vertical reference lines confirmed the symmetrical constitution of the facial skeleton. Conclusion:The study group is suitable for comparison with the cephalometric evaluations of other study groups. Skull examinations are an essential part of anthropological studies (1). Standardized radiological skull examination is an 2227This article is freely accessible online.

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Prevalence of facial asymmetry in Tirupati population: A posteroanterior cephalometric and photographic study

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Analysis of hard tissue facial symmetry after unilateral mandibular reconstruction

Relationships of Reference Points, Planes and Skull Symmetry on Posterior-anterior Cephalograms in Healthy Young Adults

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