Prevalence of exercise‐associated arrhythmias in normal performing dressage horses

Barbesgaard, L.; Buhl, Rikke; Meldgaard, C.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00223.x

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A cardiac murmur exceeding grade 2/6 was considered an exclusion criterion [16]. Additionally, standardized echocardiography was used to rule out cardiac pathology [5]. The study conformed to the guidelines for non-invasive ethical animal research as dictated by Danish law (The Animal Experimentation Act 1306 of 23rd Nov 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlthough premature beats are a matter of concern in horses, the interpretation of equine ECG recordings is complicated by a lack of standardized analysis criteria and a limited knowledge of the normal beat-to-beat variation of equine cardiac rhythm. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate threshold levels of maximum acceptable deviation of RR intervals in equine ECG analysis, and to evaluate a novel two-step timing algorithm by quantifying the frequency of arrhythmias in a cohort of healthy adult endurance horses.ResultsBeat-to-beat variation differed considerably with heart rate (HR), and an adaptable model consisting of three different HR ranges with separate threshold levels of maximum acceptable RR deviation was consequently defined. For resting HRs <60 beats/min (bpm) the threshold level of RR deviation was set at 20%, for HRs in the intermediate range between 60 and 100 bpm the threshold was 10%, and for exercising HRs >100 bpm, the threshold level was 4%. Supraventricular premature beats represented the most prevalent arrhythmia category with varying frequencies in seven horses at rest (median 7, range 2–86) and six horses during exercise (median 2, range 1–24).ConclusionsBeat-to-beat variation of equine cardiac rhythm varies according to HR, and threshold levels in equine ECG analysis should be adjusted accordingly. Standardization of the analysis criteria will enable comparisons of studies and follow-up examinations of patients. A small number of supraventricular premature beats appears to be a normal finding in endurance horses. Further studies are required to validate the findings and determine the clinical significance of premature beats in horses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

et al. 2016

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“…Cardiac clinical abnormalities including murmurs and arrhythmias are relatively common in horses whereas the prevalence of clinically important cardiac diseases is low . Indeed, most cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias are physiologic in horses . However, investigation of these with ECG and Doppler echocardiography is recommended as even mild cardiac abnormalities might lead to important cardiac disease and cause poor performance in sport horses …”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cardiac Diseases in a Hospital‐Based Population of 3,434 Horses (1994–2011)

Leroux

Detilleux

Sandersen

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Risk factors for cardiac diseases in horses have not been explored in a large population of animals. Objectives: To describe risk factors for various cardiac diseases in a hospital-based population of horses. Animals: Files of 3,434 horses admitted at the Internal Medicine Department of the Liege Equine Teaching Hospital between 1994 and 2011 were reviewed and of those, 284 were categorized as having moderate-to-severe cardiac disease.Methods: Observational study. After calculating prevalence for each cardiac disease, we tested whether breed (chisquare test) or sex, age, body weight (BW), and other cardiac diseases (logistic regressions) were risk factors (p < .05 significant).Results: Mitral regurgitation (MR, 4.4%), atrial fibrillation (AF, 2.3%), aortic regurgitation (AR, 2.1%), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR, 1.7%) were the most common cardiac abnormalities detected. Determinants were male sex and increasing age for AR (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.07-4.94), racehorses breed and middle-age for TR (OR = 4.36; CI = 1.10-17.24), and high BW for AF (OR = 3.54; CI = 1.67-7.49). MR was the most common valvular disease associated with AF, clinically important ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary regurgitation (PR), and congestive heart failure (CHF). TR was also associated with AF, PR, and CHF; AR was not associated with CHF.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Several previously suspected risk factors for a variety of equine cardiac diseases are statistically confirmed and other risk factors are highlighted in the studied hospital-based population. These observations should be taken into account in health and sport's monitoring of horses presenting predisposing factors.

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“…Proving this assertion, MARTIN et al (2000) diagnosed 33 cases of significant cardiac arrhythmias leading to poor performance through ECG performed before and in different moments after physical activity; and BUHL et al (2010) reported a significant interaction between arrhythmias and time of ECG (rest, exercise, and recovery), with a large number of changes occurring during immediate post-exercise recovery. This was also described by BARBESGAARD et al (2010). FAZIO et al (2003) and YONEZAWA et al (2009) noted that ECG before and at different intervals after exercise was important in evaluation of cardiac changes promoted by physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Electrocardiographic patterns of Mangalarga Marchador horses before and after implementation of the marcha gait

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic parameters in Mangalarga Marchador RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador antes e após a execução da marcha. Para tal, foram usados 24 equinos, treze fêmeas e onze machos, com idade média de 6,4±2,7 anos e peso médio de 428,3±24,7kg. Eletrocardiogramas foram registrados em dois momentos: antes e imediatamente após atividade física (40 minutos de marcha). As variáveis eletrocardiográficas analisadas foram ritmo cardíaco, frequência cardíaca (FC), duração da onda P, complexo QRS, intervalos PR e QT, amplitudes das ondas P, R e T e análise do QT corrigida (QTc) de acordo com a fórmula de Bazett (QT/√RR). As variáveis foram analisadas quanto à normalidade (teste de KolmogorovSmirnov), seguido da comparação usando teste-t pareado (P<0,05). A análise revelou 91,7% de ritmo sinusal e 8,3% de arritmia sinusal no repouso, com FC média de 45,7±12,7bpm e 100% de taquicardia sinusal após o exercício, com FC média de 77,3±13,5bpm (P<0,0001)

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Prevalence of exercise‐associated arrhythmias in normal performing dressage horses

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

Appropriate threshold levels of cardiac beat-to-beat variation in semi-automatic analysis of equine ECG recordings

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cardiac Diseases in a Hospital‐Based Population of 3,434 Horses (1994–2011)

Electrocardiographic patterns of Mangalarga Marchador horses before and after implementation of the marcha gait

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