Prevalence of enteropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Abstract

Aim:Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE.Materials and Methods:The canine HGE activity index, with little modification, was adopted to identify Grade III/severely affected puppies below 6 months of age. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to screen and compare the enteropathogens in puppies with hemorrhagic diarrhea and healthy control.Results:Canine parvovirus 2b was identified in 90.3% of the diarrheic and 10% of the non-diarrheic healthy puppies. Clostridium difficile was identified in all the diarrheic puppies and in 80% of the healthy puppies. Among the diarrheic puppies, 17.7% were positive for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, 9.7% were positive for C. perfringens alpha toxin, 6.4% were positive for Escherichia coli shiga toxin, 6.4% were positive for E. coli enterotoxin (LT), and 3.2% were positive for canine distemper virus. Whereas, none of the healthy puppies were positive for these bacteria and toxins. Fecal antibiotic sensitivity test pattern revealed gentamicin to be sensitive in 95% of the cases, azithromycin in 50%, enrofloxacin in 25%, cefotaxime in 20%, and tetracycline in 5% of the cases.Conclusion:Parvoviral enteritis is predominant among puppies. Yet, bacteria and their toxins also play an important role in HGE. Gentamicin has higher sensitivity against the enteropathogens associated with the condition.

Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Canines and Felines

“…of STEC E. coli enables fast interference and control of the infection before it reaches HUS. The infection with STE-Cranged from lower degree of diarrhea to severe forms of Hemorrhagic enteritis especially in puppies and kittens (Hasan et al, 2016;Yousif et al, 2016;Priya et al, 2017). STEC can be transmitted through the direct contact between individuals and pets besides, the contamination with its feces and urine.…”

Canine parvovirosis: Still an existing problem.

“…W przebiegu parwowirozy istnieje konieczność parenteralnego podawania antybiotyków o szerokim spektrum działania w związku z uszkodzeniem bariery jelitowej i ryzykiem translokacji bakterii z przewodu pokarmowego prowadzącej do sepsy. W przebiegu krwotocznych zapaleń przewodu pokarmowego izolowano Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens i Escherichia coli (51). Preferowaną drogą podania antybiotyków jest droga parenteralna, ponieważ zapaleniu żołądka i jelit często towarzyszą wymioty, opóźnione opróżnianie żołądka oraz zmiany w mikroflorze przewodu pokarmowego, co może powodować nieprawidłowe wchłanianie leków doustnych.…”

Clinical and Epidemiological Aspect of Canine Gastroenteritis in Lubumbashi, DR Congo.

“…This etiological plurality, associated with the simultaneous possibility of co-infections, make canine gastroenteritis a clinical emergency (Gizzi et al, 2014;Rodrigues et al, 2018). Several types of bacteria and parasites have been mentioned by the literature respectively Salmonella spp, Clostriduim spp, Escherichia coli (Kjaergaard et al, 2016;Priya et al, 2017), Campulobacter jejuni, Cryptosporiduim spp, Giardia spp , and Toxocara canis, Toxoscaris leonina, and Isospora canis (Byakya et al, 2018), Dipyllidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum (Hawdon and Wise, 2021).…”