Prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus among children with diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Moyo, Sabrina John; Njølstad, Gro; Vainio, Kirsti; Matee, Mecky; Kitundu, Jesse; Maselle, Samwel Y.; Langeland, Nina; Myrmel, Helge

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-359

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These findings are similar to those of other published studies in Tanzania [11]. In a more recent study in three hospitals in Dar es Salaam by Moyo et al 2007 using EIA test on 270 stool samples, the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 18% [12]. The difference between the studies can possibly be due to their respective durations, as the Dar es Salaam study was done for three months, while our study spanned for seven months, and one cannot estimate an annual prevalence based on short studies.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Rotavirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Children 12 months to 5 years can still get diarrhea from rotavirus and other pathogens, but the episodes may be asymptomatic or will tend to be less severe, so patients may end up staying at home or visiting the hospital as outpatients. These findings have been reported by studies elsewhere, especially in tropical countries where rotavirus and other diarrheal pathogens are acquired early in life [12,13]. It was reported further that the rate of rotavirus infection increased with age in the first year of life.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of Children With Rotavirus Infecsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Prevalence and factors associated with Group A rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania

Temu

Kamugisha

Mwizamholya

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Rotavirus infections frequently cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and are the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children in both developed and developing countries. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study on 300 children ≤ 5 years with acute watery diarrhea who attended Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and Nyamagana District hospital between May and November 2009. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus infection using latex agglutination test. Data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS 11.0. Results: Of 300 children with acute watery diarrhea, 136 (45.3%) were female and the mean age was 12.63 months (SD = 10.4). Sixty-two (20.7%) children were found to have rotavirus infection. Of children with severe malnutrition three (37.5%) were infected with rotavirus. Fifty-two (84%) of children with rotavirus infection were below two years of age. Severe dehydration was present in 48 (16%) children of whom 12 (25%) were infected with rotavirus compared to 18 (16.6%) of 109 children with no dehydration. Living next door to a child with diarrhea was highly associated with rotavirus infection (43% versus 19%; p = 0.036). The mean hospital stay among children with rotavirus infection was 3.66 days versus 2.5 days for those without rotavirus (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Rotavirus infection is prevalent in Mwanza region and contributes to prolonged hospital stay. Proper education on hygiene to control diarrheal diseases among children should be emphasized. Extensive studies to determine the serotypes of rotavirus are warranted in the region before rotavirus vaccine is introduced.

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Section: Prevalence Of Rotavirus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of Children With Rotavirus Infecsupporting

confidence: 70%

Prevalence and factors associated with Group A rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania

Temu

Kamugisha

Mwizamholya

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…This rate is similar to those reported in the Tunisian studies conducted between 1995 and 2008 by the national RV surveillance group (17.3-26.2 %) (Ben Hadj Fredj et al, 2012;Chouikha et al, 2009Chouikha et al, , 2011aTrabelsi et al, 2000Trabelsi et al, , 2010. Moreover, it is comparable to the detection rates reported for African countries where RV vaccine is not yet included in the free national childhood programme: 25.2 % in Egypt (Matson et al, 2010), 18 % in Tanzania (Moyo et al, 2007) and 18 % in Nigeria (Aminu et al, 2010). However, the prevalence of RVA infection in the present study is lower than those found in Morocco (42 %) (Benhafid et al, 2013), Cameroon (42.8 %) (Ndze et al, 2012), southern Ghana (48.2 %) (Enweronu-Laryea et al, 2013), south-eastern Nigeria (56 %) (Tagbo et al, 2014) (Sowmyanarayanan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Rva Detection Ratesupporting

confidence: 77%

Distribution of rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genotypes circulating in Tunisia from 2009 to 2014: Emergence of the genotype G12

Moussa

Fredj

Fodha

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) represents the most important aetiological agent of diarrhoea in children worldwide. From January 2009 to December 2014, a multi-centre study realized through 11 Tunisian cities was undertaken among children aged <5 years consulting or hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. A total of 1127 faecal samples were collected. All samples were screened by ELISA for the presence of RVA antigen. RVA-positive samples were further analyzed by PAGE and used for G/P-genotyping by semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR. Globally, 270 specimens (24 %) were RVA-positive, with peaks observed annually between November and March. Nine different electropherotypes could be visualized by PAGE, six with a long profile (173 cases) and two with a short one (seven cases). Mixed profiles were detected in two cases. Among the 267 VP7 genotyped strains, the predominant G-genotype was G1 (39.6 %) followed by G3 (22.2 %), G4 (13 %), G9 (11.5 %), G2 (5.2 %) and G12 (5.2 %). Among the 260 VP4 genotyped strains, P[8] genotype was the predominant (74. 9 %). Uncommon G/Pgenotype combinations, mixed infections and untypeable strains were also detected. This is the first report, in Tunisia, of multiple detection of an emerging human RVA strain, G12 genotype. This study highlighted the need for maintaining active surveillance of emerging strains in Northern Africa.

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“…These results are consistent with recent studies that describe RV as the most prevalent and NoV as the second most important viral agent causing gastroenteritis in children (RV 16.6-71.4%; NoV 12-17.3%). [31][32][33][34][35] The NoV and SaV prevalence determined in the current study is higher than previously estimated in the same region, 17 which could be attributed to the more sensitive realtime RT-PCR detection method applied. NoVs were detected only in children up to 2 years old (median age 8 months), which is in agreement with studies in Brazil and Nicaragua where more frequent NoV infections in children ≤2 years old were reported.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Emerging norovirus GII.4 2008 variant detected in hospitalised paediatric patients in South Africa

Mans

Villiers

Plessis

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Virology

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Noroviruses (NoVs) are important enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. The first documented NoV outbreaks in South Africa (SA) were described in 1993. The current NoV prevalence and circulating genotypes are unknown. SA lacks NoV outbreak reporting systems and therefore the number and impact of NoV infections is underestimated. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoV infections in hospitalised paediatric patients with gastroenteritis in SA during 2008. Study design: Stool specimens referred for virological analysis from hospitalised children ≤13 years, with gastroenteritis, were screened for rotavirus, human adenovirus and human astrovirus by enzyme immunoassay and for NoV genogroup I (GI), II (GII) and sapovirus by real-time RT-PCR. NoV strains were genotyped, and variants identified, based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the 5 end or the full length of the capsid gene, respectively. Results: Rotavirus was the most prevalent virus detected in 24.2% (61/252) of specimens, followed by NoV in 14.3% (35/245) and adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus in 9.6%, 6.7% and 4% of specimens, respectively. NoVs were only detected in children ≤2 years. The GII NoVs (89%) predominated and eight types were identified with GII.4 (43%) detected most frequently. The emerging 2008 GII.4 variant represented 80% of the GII.4 strains. Conclusions: A diverse range of NoV genotypes were identified in hospitalised children with gastroenteritis. The 2008 GII.4 variant was the most frequently detected strain in the study. This is the first report of NoV GII.4 viruses in SA.

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Prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus among children with diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Abstract: Background: Different groups of viruses have been shown to be responsible for acute diarrhea among children during their first few years of life. Epidemiological knowledge of viral agents is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines.

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with Group A rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania

Prevalence and factors associated with Group A rotavirus infection among children with acute diarrhea in Mwanza, Tanzania

Distribution of rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genotypes circulating in Tunisia from 2009 to 2014: Emergence of the genotype G12

Emerging norovirus GII.4 2008 variant detected in hospitalised paediatric patients in South Africa

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