Prevalence of endoparasitic infections of birds in zoo gardens in Serbia

Ilić, Tamara; Becskei, Zsolt; Gajić, Bojan; Özvegy, József; Stepanović, Predrag; Nenadović, Katarina; Dimitrijević, Suzana

doi:10.1515/ap-2018-0015

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…and Capillaria spp. being the most prevalent and pathogenic nematodes in domestic and exotic Galliformes such as poultry and peacocks [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Lozano

Almeida²,

Victório

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in several domestic and exotic bird collections in Portugal. Between July 2020 and April 2021, a total of 142 fecal samples from organic layers, peacocks and ratites were collected in four Portuguese bird collections and processed using MF and fecal cultures to identify and calculate GI parasite shedding and prevalence. The McMaster method was also used to compare the shedding levels obtained for both quantitative techniques. MF’s relative sensitivity and specificity were also assessed, using McMaster as the reference technique. The implementation of MF resulted in an average Eimeria spp. shedding higher in peacocks from bird collection 2 (502 OPG), followed by peacocks from collection 1 (107 OPG) and organic layers (24 OPG) and peacocks from collection 3 (9 OPG). Peacocks were also positive for Capillaria spp., Trichostrongylus tenuis and Strongyloides pavonis, whereas ostriches and emus were infected by L. douglassii. The MF protocol for exotic animals and the McMaster method did not differ significantly for each parasitic agent and bird species, and MF achieved relative sensitivities and specificities higher than 70% for Galliform Eimeria spp., peacock helminths and ratites’ L. douglassii infections. Higher L. douglassii EPG values were identified using the MF protocol for exotic species (2 g of feces/38 mL of sucrose solution), followed by McMaster 2/28, MF 5/45 and MF 2/18. The use of MF allowed for obtaining different intestinal parasitic populations in several bird species and locations, and MF 2/38 is globally proposed as the most suitable protocol for bird fecal samples as an alternative to the McMaster method in the diagnosis of avian intestinal parasitic infections.

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“…and Capillaria spp. being the most prevalent and pathogenic nematodes in domestic and exotic Galliformes such as poultry and peacocks [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Lozano

Almeida²,

Victório

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Research on parasitic fauna of mute swans is mostly conducted in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada (Papazahariadou et al, 1994;Papazahariadou et al, 2008;Pennycott, 1998;Manno et al, 2016;Seegar 1979;Jennings et al, 1961;Sanford, 1978). Th ere are some studies in the Republic of Serbia regarding parasitological examinations in zoo birds of the Anatidae family (Ilić et al, 2018), but to our knowledge, there is no literature data regarding parasitic fauna of mute swans. Th is report is the fi rst description of endoparasitic fauna in mute swans located in the Northern part of Serbia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…genus such as Dalmatian Pelican, Grey Heron, Sea Gulls and Little Owl are also found in wild birds (Papazahariadou et al, 2008). According to the data from Serbian zoos, heterakiosis was diagnosed in 12.74% and 2.56% of the captive birds examined mainly as mixed infection with coccidiosis, capillariosis, askaridiosis and trichostrongylidosis (Ilić et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Study of the Endoparasitic Fauna of Mute Swans (Cygnus Olor) in the Northern Part of Serbia

Đurđević

Pavlović

Pajić́

et al. 2020

AVM

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In the Northern part of Serbia, which is part of Pannonian Basin, mute swan (Cygnus olor) population has notably increased over the last few decades. Like other birds from Anatidae family, mute swans are a host of numerous endoparasite species. The aim of this study was to acquire the data on identification and prevalence of endoparasites in mute swans in the Republic of Serbia, as that information is lacking. Individual faecal samples of sixty-eight adult mute swans were examined for the presence of endoparasites. Coprological examination was performed using flotation and sedimentation technique with saturated ZnSO4 solution. The samples were collected from December 2016 to March 2017, during epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in the Republic of Serbia. Dead mute swans were collected from twelve different locations in the Northern part of Serbia. Altogether, 39.7% of the examined fecal samples contained different parasites. The endoparasitic fauna was divers and included 3 species of nematodes, 2 cestodes species, one trematode and one protozoan species. Nematodes were the most prevalent helminthes and among these the most frequent nematode species found was Heterakis dispar (17.6%), followed by Echinuria uncinata (5,8%) and Ascaridia spp. (4,4%). Four mixed infections were found, where double infection was the most prevalent. No endoparasites were found in faecal samples of mute swans collected from the locations Sombor and Titel. As this study covers a small population of mute swans, more detailed studies need to be carried out on a larger population in order to gain an insight into the diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in the Republic of Serbia.

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“…Nematode infections are also a serious problem in Galliformes, being ascarids (e.g., Ascaridia galli), heterakids (e.g., Heterakis gallinarum and H. isolonche), capillarids (e.g., Capillaria spp. ), strongyles (e.g., Trichostrongylus tenuis), and Strongyloides spp., the most frequent and pathogenic species [6,[8][9][10][11]13,16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol of Avian Gastrointestinal Parasites Using Predatory Fungi: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Lozano

Almeida²,

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Parasitologia

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This review describes the current research status regarding the implementation of predatory fungi in the biological control approach of bird gastrointestinal (GI) parasitosis. The main GI parasites of Galliformes (e.g., broilers, layers, peacocks, pheasants) and Ratites (e.g., ostriches, emus, rheas) are addressed, as well as their impact on farms, zoos, and private collections. The main characteristics regarding biocontrol with predatory fungi are briefly described, such as their mode of action and efficacy against GI parasites of different animal hosts. The state of the art regarding the use of predatory fungi in birds is reviewed here by describing all associated articles already published in the main databases, techniques, and their main findings. Ovicidal fungi such as Pochonia chlamydosporia, Metarhizium spp. and Acremonium spp., and larvicidal fungi, namely Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys spp. and Monacrosporium thaumasium, have shown promising predacious activity against ascarid eggs and nematode larvae from chickens and ostriches, both in vitro and in vivo, also revealing tolerance to the GI passage in chickens and maintenance of predacious capacity. Further studies are needed to understand the fungi–parasite–host gut microbiota interactions and target other avian GI parasitic species, such as nematodes, coccidia, cestodes, and trematodes.

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Prevalence of endoparasitic infections of birds in zoo gardens in Serbia

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

The First Study of the Endoparasitic Fauna of Mute Swans (Cygnus Olor) in the Northern Part of Serbia

Biocontrol of Avian Gastrointestinal Parasites Using Predatory Fungi: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

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