Prevalence of Early Chronic Kidney Disease and Main Associated Factors in Spanish Population: Populational Study

Expósito, Carmen Barranco; Pera, Guillem; Rodríguez, Lluis; Arteaga, Ingrid; Martínez, Alba; Alumà, Alba; Doladé, Maria; Caballería, Llorenç

doi:10.3390/jcm8091384

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In Spain, with data obtained from the ENRICA (Estudio de Nutrición y Riesgo Cardiovascular en España) study, 15.1% (14.3–16.0) of the population has CKD, with stage 3a also being the most prevalent (10.0% CI95% 9.3–10, 8). It is three times higher in men than in women and increases markedly with age, reaching 37.3% in those over 65 years of age [ 4 , 5 ]. Over time, the kidneys progressively lose their filtering capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical care program for patients with chronic kidney disease in the community pharmacy: Detection of nephrotoxic drugs and dose adjustment. Viability study

Escribá-Martí¹,

Cámara-Ramos

Climent-Catalá³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem. Early detection is the key to reducing morbidity and mortality, but it is difficult because it occurs without symptoms. Diagnosis of CKD is also important to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and to adjust the doses of other medications that may be affected. Pharmacies, due to their proximity to the population, frequency of patient visits, and knowledge of medication use are an ideal location for point-of-care diagnosis or CKD. Objective To detect and refer to the primary care physician patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) who use nephrotoxic drugs or who may require a dose adjustment. Methodology Pharmacy users over 60 years of age who agreed to participate were given a creatinine/eGFR test with a point-of-care meter. The eGFR was calculated and if it was less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, their medications were evaluated to identify nephrotoxic drugs or drugs that potentially required adjustment. If either were found, they were referred to their doctor for further management. Results 198 patients were recruited in 4 pharmacies, of which 87 (43.9%) had an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. They were taking a total of 635 medications. Of these 635 medications, 50 (7.9%) were affected by kidney function. Dose adjustment was recommended in 31 and discontinuation in 19. The primary care doctor accepted the recommendations for 14 medications: dose adjustment for 6 and withdrawal in 8. This represents 2.3% of medications taken by patients with an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The 50 medications identified were taken by 29 patients (33.3% of the 87 with a low eGFR) and a change in treatment was generated in 9 patients, representing 4.6% of the total number of patients in the sample, and 10% of the patients with a low eGFR. Conclusion Point-of-care testing for kidney function in a pharmacy setting is feasible and identifies a significant number of patients with eGFR under 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. It also allows for appropriate medication management recommendations in this patient group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical care program for patients with chronic kidney disease in the community pharmacy: Detection of nephrotoxic drugs and dose adjustment. Viability study

Escribá-Martí¹,

Cámara-Ramos

Climent-Catalá³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Four other articles [11,12,13,14] report on the complicated interplay between CKD and other comorbid conditions. Although prevalence varies according to the region of the world, diabetes and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are among the most common factors associated with renal dysfunction [12,13,14]. All comorbid conditions need to be taken into account to individualize and improve patient care.…”

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confidence: 99%