Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Western Cape, South Africa

Omodanisi, Elizabeth I.; Tomose, Yibanathi; Okeleye, Benjamin I.; Ntwampe, Seteno Karabo Obed; Aboua, Yapo Guillaume

doi:10.3390/ijerph17238735

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our result is in line with observations made among patients with DM and hypertension across African countries such as Uganda (88%) 19 , Ethiopia (71.2%) 17 , Kenya (86.1%) 20 and Nigeria (72.4%) 21 . In comparison to observations made across South Africa among patients with DM and/or hypertension, the prevalence reported in the current study was slightly lower than the 89% observed in Cape Town 22 , 90% observed in Durban 23 and 93.5% that was reported in Johannesburg 24 . In addition, countries such as China (31.8%) 18 and Germany (64.5%) 25 reported a lower prevalence of dyslipidaemia in individuals with DM and/or hypertension in comparison to the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Masilela

Adeniyi

Benjeddou

2022

Sci Rep

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The present study assessed the prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with multi-morbidities. In this study, 614 individuals with DM and hypertension were recruited. Dyslipidaemia was defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1 mmol/L for men and < 1.2 mmol/L for women. Multivariate regression model (adjusted) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 76.7% (n = 471), with females showing the highest prevalence 357 (75.79%). Elevated TG (62.21%) was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia. Only 103 (16.77%) participants were on statin therapy. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis (adjusted) showed that, the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.48–4.05) was associated with high TC. DM (AOR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.30–3.06) and the female sex (AOR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.56–4.12) were associated with low HDL-C. Obesity (AOR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.12–2.21) and the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.00–2.54) were associated with elevated LDL-C. DM (AOR = 2.32; 95%CI 1.61–3.34) was associated with elevated TG. We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The study further demonstrated that prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia should be prioritised among individuals with multi-morbidities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Masilela

Adeniyi

Benjeddou

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Similar findings were reported by Omodanisi et al(52%) in South Africa. [49] Similarly, in a meta-analysis done among Ethiopians living with T2D, the prevalence of low HDL-C was reported as 44.36%, which is similar to the findings of this present meta-analysis. [50] Insulin resistance enhances the increased production of TRLs which exchange triglyceride Isezuo et al [19] 2003 Cross-sectional 40 25% NW Isezuo and Ezunu [20] 2005 Cross-sectional 254 72.4% NW Idogun et al [21] 2007 Cross-sectional 52 30% SS Okafor et al [22] 2008 Cross-sectional 192 89% SW Unadike et al [23] 2008 Cross-sectional 32 68.7% SS Ogbera et al [24] 2009 Cross-sectional 600 89% SW Kayode et al [25] 2010 Cross-sectional 113 50.4% SW Edo and Adediran [26] 2011 Cross-sectional 52 32.7% SS Jisieike-Onuigbo et al [27] 2011 Cross-sectional 108 90.7% SE Okafor et al [22] 2012 Cross-sectional 233 97.1 SE Oyelade et al [28] 2013 Cross-sectional 219 58.5% SW Edo et al [29] 2014 Retrospective 63 30.2% SS Ogedengbe and Ezeani [30] 2014 Cross-sectional 106 50.8% SE Edo and Edo [31] 2016 Retrospective 130 29.2% SS Enikuomehin et al [32] 2016 Cross-sectional 300 50.4% SW Fasanmade et al [33] 2016 Cross-sectional 218 80.7% SW Young and Onyenekwe [34] 2016 Cross-sectional 51 82.4% SE Omotoye and Fadupin [35] 2017 Cross-sectional 50 70% SW Engwa et al [36] 2018 Cross-sectional 72 40.8% SE Bello-Ovosi et al [37] 2019 Cross-sectional 322 69.3% NW Jaja and Yarhere [38] 2019 Cross-sectional 22 86.4% SS Amadi et al [39] 2020 Retrospective 346 46.8% SS NW: North-west, SS: South-south, SW: South-west, SE: South-east with cholesterol on HDL-C, making the HDL-C more susceptible to increased clearance from the bloodstream.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…[48] However, this is markedly different from the findings of Omodanisi et al who reported the prevalence of 64% in their study done in South Africa. [49] Differences in study design and demographics may be partly responsible for these differences. Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia cause increased production of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), reduced clearance of TRLs, and suboptimal metabolism of postprandial triglyceride spike.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid profiles of Nigerians living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Azeez¹,

Adio

Bamidele

2021

Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice

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Introduction: Dyslipidemia is often associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with both having an additive effect on cardiovascular risk. The objective of the meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in individuals living with T2D mellitus in Nigerian and to examine the pattern of their dyslipidemia. Methods: The study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Medical databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and SCOPUS as well as the gray literature were systematically searched. MetaXL was used for statistical analysis adopting the random effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic, while publication bias was assessed with the funnel plot. Results: Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. The total sample size was 3575. The prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nigerians living with diabetes ranges from 25% to 97.1%. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nigerians living with T2D was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52%–72%). I2 statistic was 97%. The funnel plot implied minimal publication bias. The pooled prevalence of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 33% (95% CI: 18%–49%). The pooled prevalence of elevated hypertriglyceridemia was 88% (95% CI: 84%–91%). The pooled prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 47% (95% CI: 32%–62%). The pooled prevalence of elevated hypercholesterolemia was 33% (95% CI: 23%–43%). Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nigerians with T2D mellitus is very high. The most common abnormalities are hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.

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“…This was, however, close to the proportions of nations with similar degrees of development in the available literature. The rate, for example, was reported as 95% in Tanzanian study [ 24 ] and 89% from South Africa [ 25 ]. Another study from Nigeria found the rate to be 69.3% [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pattern of dyslipidemia among Somali type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

Alıcı

Genç

2022

Eur J Med Res

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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern. This study aims to determine frequency, pattern, and potential determinants of dyslipidemia among adults with type 2 DM (T2DM) at Somalia’s only diabetes outpatient clinic. Methods Five hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with T2DM who applied to our outpatient clinic between January 2020 and June 2020 were included in this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Demographic characteristics of participants, including lipid panel, were extracted from the registry system. Correlation analysis was performed between lipid profile and related parameters. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent determinants of dyslipidemia for further analysis. Results The overall population’s mean age was 51.9 ± 12.2 years, with 177 (33.5%) males. Total and atherogenic dyslipidemias were found in 92.8% and 24.8%, respectively. The most common isolated pattern of dyslipidemia was high non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (82.8%), followed by high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (72.6%), high total cholesterol (TC) (54.3%), and low HDL-C (48.3%). Females were found to have a higher prevalence of high TC (63.4% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.043) and lower HDL-C (57.4% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.016). High LDL-C with low HDL-C was the most common pattern among combined type dyslipidemias (18.1%), followed by high LDL-C with high triglyceride (TG) (17.8%), as well as low TG with low HDL-C (3.6%). Females had a higher proportion of high LDL-C with low HDL-C than males (20.3% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.036). Age, gender, body mass index, central obesity, spot urinary proteinuria, fasting blood glucose, poor glycemic control, creatinine, and Hs-CRP were all associated with different dyslipidemia patterns in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Conclusions We found that the prevalence of dyslipidemia, especially atherogenic patterns, was extremely high among Somali T2DM patients. An enhanced health policy should, therefore, be established to detect, treat and prevent dyslipidemia.

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Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Western Cape, South Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Lipid profiles of Nigerians living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The pattern of dyslipidemia among Somali type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

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