Prevalence of digital dermatitis in first lactation cows assessed at breeding cattle auctions

Hulek, M.; Sommerfeld-Stur, I.; Kofler, J.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Regarding external biosecurity, cows in herds that purchased heifers had nearly 3 times higher odds of DD compared with cows in closed herds (Rodriguez-Lainz et al, 1999). Quarantine and hoof examinations before introducing new animals into herds are recommended, as DD was observed in 12.1% of cows presenting at auctions (Hulek et al, 2010). Herds visited by hoof trimmers who also attended other farms had 2.8 times higher odds of increased DD incidence (Wells et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between biosecurity practices and bovine digital dermatitis in Danish dairy herds

Oliveira

Sørensen

Thomsen

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The relationship between biosecurity and digital dermatitis (DD) was evaluated in 8,269 cows from a convenience sample of 39 freestall dairy herds. The hypothesis was that poor implementation of biosecurity was associated with higher within-herd prevalence of DD. All lactating cows were scored as negative or positive for DD at the hind legs during milking in the milking parlor. Information about biosecurity was obtained through questionnaires addressed to farmers, on-farm observations, and information from the Danish Cattle Database (www.seges.dk). These assessment tools covered potential infection sources of DD pathogens to susceptible cows (e.g., via animals, humans, manure, vehicles, equipment, and facilities). External and internal biosecurity measures were explanatory variables in 2 separate logistic regression models, whereas within-herd DD prevalence was the outcome. Overall DD prevalence among cows and herds were 24 and 97%, respectively; the within-herd DD prevalence ranged from 0 to 56%. Poor external biosecurity measures associated with higher prevalence of DD were recent animal purchase, access to pasture, lack of boots available for visitors, farm staff working at other dairy farms as well, hoof trimming without a professional attending, and animal transporters having access to cattle area. For internal biosecurity, higher DD prevalence were associated with infrequent hoof bathing, manure scraping less than 8 times a day, manure removal direction from cows to heifers, animal pens' exit without water hoses, manure-handling vehicle used in other activities, and water troughs contaminated with manure. These findings showed that improvements on biosecurity may be beneficial for controlling DD in dairy herds. The study is relevant for farmers facing problems with DD, as well as hoof trimmers, advisors, and veterinarians, who can use the results for optimized recommendations regarding biosecurity in relation to DD. Furthermore, our results might be considered by future studies investigating DD pathogen reservoirs and transmission routes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between biosecurity practices and bovine digital dermatitis in Danish dairy herds

Oliveira

Sørensen

Thomsen

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In addition, pens in the 2 barns were managed in the same manner, and neither barn received any other DD control or prevention, such as footbaths. In dairy cattle, outbreaks of DD on mixing of cattle can be severe with prevalences greater than or equal to 95% when no control measures are in place (Hulek et al, 2010). With the higher starting prevalence seen in Group B one might have expected the prevalence to reach higher levels as the study progressed, but this was not observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the prevalence of digital dermatitis and the effects on performance in beef feedlot cattle under organic trace mineral supplementation1

Kulow

Merkatoris

Anklam

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious and multifactorial disease that leads to painful, ulcerative lesions of the skin near the heel-horn border of the foot, most commonly in dairy cattle. With regard to beef cattle, the pathogenesis and etiology of DD has not been widely reported or studied over the past several decades. A longitudinal field trial in a commercial feedlot was conducted to compare prevalence and effects of DD in beef steers provided a diet supplemented with a novel formulation of inorganic and organic trace mineral sources (OTM diet) compared to a diet provided with similar levels of trace minerals solely from inorganic sources (CON diet). A secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of DD and the potential effects on growth performance and carcass yield and quality. One thousand seventy-seven steers were assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups (CON diet or OTM diet) based on location of their home pens which were situated in 1 of 2 barns. All pens in the B barn (group B) were assigned to the OTM diet, and all pens in the A barn (group A) were assigned to the CON diet. The study was conducted in 2 phases: adaptation phase (AP) comprising the initial 60 d of feeding CON and OTM diets and postadaptation phase (PAP) which lasted until cattle were sent to harvest. In the AP, pens in group B had a greater proportion of steers (54.03%) with DD lesions compared to pens in group A (26.72%). During the PAP, the relative risk of observing an increased DD prevalence was significantly ( < 0.05) higher in CON group compared to OTM group. Growth performance, final live weight, and hot carcass weight were negatively impacted when steers were observed to have active DD lesions (M2 lesions) compared to steers with no M2 lesions over the study period. For ADG, a calculated loss per steer of 0.08 kg/d from type I (no M2 lesions) to type II (one M2 lesion; SE = 0.028; = 0.003) and loss of 0.14 kg/d from type I to type III (multiple M2 lesions; SE = 0.038; = 0.0003) were observed. A significant BW loss of approximately 10.06 kg (SE = 4.18; = 0.022) and a mean reduction of 5.5 kg per steer in HCW (SE = 2.74; = 0.043) were also found between type I and type II steers.

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“…If the information about the prevalence of the DD in a group of animals under evaluation is available, different cutpoint LESP values can then be used in the decisionmaking process of selecting these animals for further evaluation. Clear benefit of using an ELISA as a tool can be seen in dairy heifers and beef steers significantly affected by DD (Laven and Logue, 2007;Hulek et al 2010), where individual inspection of the feet of the animals may be challenging.…”

Section: Development Of the Elisa As A Diagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is increasingly found worldwide, affecting cattle in all production systems (Hulek et al, 2010;Capion et al, 2012;Chapinal et al, 2013). Footbaths and topical treatments have been extensively used as the main preventive measures to control DD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response against Treponema spp. and ELISA detection of digital dermatitis

Gómez

Anklam

Cook

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the immune response against Treponema spp. infection in dairy heifers affected with digital dermatitis (DD). In addition, the accuracy of an indirect ELISA detecting anti-Treponema IgG antibodies in identifying clinical DD status has been assessed. A cohort of 688 pregnant Holstein heifers was evaluated at least 3 times before calving during a period of 6 mo. Complete clinical assessment of DD presence on the back feet of each heifer and blood extraction were performed in a stand-up chute. Digital dermatitis cases were characterized by the M-stage classification system and size and level of skin proliferation. An ELISA was performed on blood serum samples obtained from a subcohort of 130 heifers. For description purposes, the animals were classified by the number of clinical cases experienced during the study period as type I (no clinical cases were observed), type II (only 1 acute clinical case diagnosed), and type III (at least 2 acute clinical cases diagnosed). Multivariable repeated-measures models were used to evaluate the immune response against Treponema spp. infection. A binormal Bayesian model for the ELISA data without cut-point values was used to assess the accuracy of the ELISA as a diagnostic tool. Animals that never experienced a DD event throughout the study kept a constant low level of antibody titer. A 56% increase in mean ELISA titer was observed in heifers upon a first clinical DD case diagnosis. After topical treatment of an acute DD case with oxytetracycline, the antibody titer decreased progressively in type II heifers, achieving mean levels of those observed in healthy cows after a mean of 223 d. Surprisingly, antibody titer was not increased in the presence of M1 (DD lesion <20mm in diameter surrounded by healthy skin) and M4.1 (DD lesion <20mm in diameter embedded in a circumscribed dyskeratotic or proliferative skin alteration) DD stages. Type III cows showed a slight increase in antibody levels. The presence of skin proliferation at first DD diagnosis was found to be associated with an odds ratio of 2.04 of becoming a type III heifer in relation to heifers presenting first lesions without skin proliferation. The ELISA validity was estimated by an area under the curve of 0.88. Predicted probabilities of infection are provided for a range of ELISA values and prevalence of infection. Early detection and treatment is essential to control DD and the ELISA can be used in understanding the immunopathology of DD and shows great promise for prescreening purposes during DD management programs in combination with traditional clinical inspection.

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Prevalence of digital dermatitis in first lactation cows assessed at breeding cattle auctions

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Associations between biosecurity practices and bovine digital dermatitis in Danish dairy herds

Associations between biosecurity practices and bovine digital dermatitis in Danish dairy herds

Evaluation of the prevalence of digital dermatitis and the effects on performance in beef feedlot cattle under organic trace mineral supplementation1

Immune response against Treponema spp. and ELISA detection of digital dermatitis

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