Objective: To describe the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for horses with fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial complex. Study design: Retrospective multicenter case series. Animals: Thirty horses evaluated for fibro-osseous lesions of the skull from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2019 in four centers. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical presentation, histological and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment instituted, and outcome. Long-term outcome information was obtained by owner questionnaire or the medical record. Results: Diagnoses included ossifying fibroma in 20 of 30 horses, osteoma in eight of 30 horses, and fibrous dysplasia in two of 30 horses. Twelve of 30 lesions were diagnosed in horses <1 year old, and 20 of 30 lesions originated from the rostral mandible. The most common treatment was rostral mandibulectomy. Recurrence was not reported after complete excision. Incomplete excision was confirmed in eight horses (four ossifying fibromas, three osteomas, and one fibrous dysplasia), and follow-up information was available for seven horses. Recurrence occurred in one horse, while six horses had long-term resolution of clinical signs. Prognosis for survival and return to use was excellent in 23 horses with longterm follow-up. Conclusion: Fibro-osseous lesions were uncommon in this multicenter study; they were most commonly diagnosed in young animals and most frequently affected the rostral mandible. Long-term survival was excellent. Clinical significance: The definitive diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial complex in horses is made from results of histopathology and cannot be determined on the basis of clinical presentation alone. Surgical excision

Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious and multifactorial disease that leads to painful, ulcerative lesions of the skin near the heel-horn border of the foot, most commonly in dairy cattle. With regard to beef cattle, the pathogenesis and etiology of DD has not been widely reported or studied over the past several decades. A longitudinal field trial in a commercial feedlot was conducted to compare prevalence and effects of DD in beef steers provided a diet supplemented with a novel formulation of inorganic and organic trace mineral sources (OTM diet) compared to a diet provided with similar levels of trace minerals solely from inorganic sources (CON diet). A secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of DD and the potential effects on growth performance and carcass yield and quality. One thousand seventy-seven steers were assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups (CON diet or OTM diet) based on location of their home pens which were situated in 1 of 2 barns. All pens in the B barn (group B) were assigned to the OTM diet, and all pens in the A barn (group A) were assigned to the CON diet. The study was conducted in 2 phases: adaptation phase (AP) comprising the initial 60 d of feeding CON and OTM diets and postadaptation phase (PAP) which lasted until cattle were sent to harvest. In the AP, pens in group B had a greater proportion of steers (54.03%) with DD lesions compared to pens in group A (26.72%). During the PAP, the relative risk of observing an increased DD prevalence was significantly ( < 0.05) higher in CON group compared to OTM group. Growth performance, final live weight, and hot carcass weight were negatively impacted when steers were observed to have active DD lesions (M2 lesions) compared to steers with no M2 lesions over the study period. For ADG, a calculated loss per steer of 0.08 kg/d from type I (no M2 lesions) to type II (one M2 lesion; SE = 0.028; = 0.003) and loss of 0.14 kg/d from type I to type III (multiple M2 lesions; SE = 0.038; = 0.0003) were observed. A significant BW loss of approximately 10.06 kg (SE = 4.18; = 0.022) and a mean reduction of 5.5 kg per steer in HCW (SE = 2.74; = 0.043) were also found between type I and type II steers.

A two and a half-year old Simmental bull was presented to Iowa State University's Food Animal and Camelid Hospital for anorexia and lethargy of several days. Clostridium perfringens type A was identified via fecal culture and toxin genotyping. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) was diagnosed based on microbiological results along with abdominal ultrasonography, complete blood count, and serum biochemistry. Aggressive multi-modal therapy was employed including intravenously administered fluid therapy, potassium penicillin, lidocaine, flunixin, and pantoprazole among other supportive care. The bull was discharged after 15 days of hospitalization and recovered uneventfully to full function by the next breeding season. Currently all case reports with regard to HBS in beef cattle describe mortality. While the dairy cattle literature demonstrates that HBS has a high mortality rate, and suggests that surgical intervention has a higher prognosis when compared to medical therapy in dairy cattle. Our case would provide support to aggressive medical treatment for HBS in beef cattle.

A nine-month-old Boer Buck presented for an acute onset of pelvic limb ataxia. Radiographs, complete blood count and serum biochemistry were within normal limits. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis yielded an eosinophilic pleocytosis, consistent with cerebrospinal nematodiasis. Treatment with ivermectin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, fenbendazole and range of motion exercises resulted in partial recovery of pelvic limb function within five days. Within five months post treatment the buck’s ambulation had returned to a normal gait.

The objective of this case report was to describe successful surgical and post-operative management of a medial patellar luxation in a Vietnamese Potbellied Pig. A two-year old, castrated, Vietnamese Potbellied Pig presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for right pelvic limb lameness of 2 weeks duration. Upon physical examination a grade 3 patellar luxation was diagnosed on the right pelvic limb. Surgical repair included a trochlear wedge sulcoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition, and lateral imbrication as described for canine patellar luxation. The pig was managed post-operatively with meloxicam and a physical therapy regimen of seven weeks duration. At recheck examination the pig was sound, no complications were observed, and the owners were satisfied with the outcome. As miniature companion pigs, such as Vietnamese Potbellied Pigs are currently increasing in popularity as pets, this case demonstrated that comparative techniques from other veterinary species should be considered when considering a treatment plan for a pig with a medial patellar luxation.