Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults by Diabetes Type — United States, 2016

Bullard, Kai McKeever; Cowie, Catherine C.; Lessem, Sarah E.; Saydah, Sharon; Menke, Andy; Geiss, Linda S.; Orchard, Trevor J.; Rolka, Deborah B.; Imperatore, Giuseppina

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a2

Cited by 363 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…c Opening remarks by Dr. Griffin Rodgers, the NIDDK Director, and Dr. Eliseo Pérez-Stable, Director of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), emphasized the importance of the workshop in identifying focal points for the next generation of high impact studies designed to reduce disparities in the burden of obesity and diabetes through elucidating the social contextual mechanisms of disease etiology, and facilitating lifestyle behavior changes, healthcare system interventions, and partnered community-based programs. Many questions remain, including how best to (1) address the socioeconomic and other environmental influences that have historically and currently affected the same minority populations and under-resourced and rural communities that bear a disproportionate burden of illness; (2) design prevention and treatment strategies to be accessible, feasible, culturally relevant, and acceptable to at-risk communities; and (3) achieve sustainable health improvement strategies in communities that have the greatest burden of these chronic diseases.…”

Section: Workhop Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity and type 2 diabetes are national epidemics that disproportionately impact certain populations in the United States (i.e., disparity populations). Specifically, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Black, b and Hispanic adults bear a disproportionate burden of illness related to these conditions compared with non-Hispanic Whites, as do those with low socioeconomic status (SES), living in rural areas, 1,2 and identifying as LGBTQ. 3 Large efficacy trials have demonstrated that lifestyle change and/or medication (i.e., metformin) can prevent or delay the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Thornton

Kumanyika

Gregg

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes disproportionately impact U.S. racial and ethnic minority communities and low-income populations. Improvements in implementing efficacious interventions to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes are underway (i.e., the National Diabetes Prevention Program), but challenges in effectively scaling-up successful interventions and reaching at-risk populations remain. In October 2017, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop to understand how to (1) address socioeconomic and other environmental conditions that perpetuate disparities in the burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes; (2) design effective prevention and treatment strategies that are accessible, feasible, culturally relevant, and acceptable to diverse population groups; and (3) achieve sustainable health improvement approaches in communities with the greatest burden of these diseases. Common features of guiding frameworks to understand and address disparities and promote health equity were described. Promising research directions were identified in numerous areas, including study design, methodology, and core metrics; program implementation and scalability; the integration of medical care and social services; strategies to enhance patient empowerment; and understanding and addressing the impact of psychosocial stress on disease onset and progression in addition to factors that support resiliency and health.Directions on disparities in obesity and diabetes Thornton et al.

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Section: Workhop Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Thornton

Kumanyika

Gregg

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the United States, it has been estimated that 1.3 million adults had type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 2016. 1 Furthermore, the prevalence of T1D has been reported to be increasing by 2%-5% per year. 2 Patients with T1D may experience acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hypoglycaemia (SH), complications that often require emergency care with hospitalization and that can be life-threatening.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between patients with type 1 diabetes with optimal and suboptimal glycaemic control: A real‐world study of more than 30 000 patients in a US electronic health record database

Pettus

Zhou

Shepherd

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aims To use electronic health record data from real‐world clinical practice to assess demographics, clinical characteristics and disease burden of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States. Materials and methods Retrospective observational study of adults with T1D for ≥24 months at their first visit with a T1D diagnosis code (“index date”) between July 2014 and June 2016 in the Optum Humedica database. Demographic characteristics, acute complications (severe hypoglycaemia [SH], diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]), microvascular complications, cardiovascular (CV) events and health care resource utilization during the 12 months before the index date (“baseline period”) were compared between patients with optimal versus suboptimal glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] <7.0% vs. ≥7.0% [53 mmol/mol]) at the closest measurement to the index date. Results Of 31 430 adults with T1D, 79.9% had suboptimal glycaemic control (mean HbA1c 8.8% [73 mmol/mol]). These patients were more likely to be younger, African American, uninsured or on Medicaid, obese, smokers, have uncontrolled hypertension and have depression. Despite worse glycaemic control and increased CV risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension, obesity and smoking, rates of coronary heart disease and stroke were not higher in these patients. Patients with suboptimal glycaemic control also experienced more diabetes complications (including SH, DKA and microvascular disease) and utilized more emergency care, with more emergency department visits and inpatient stays. Conclusion This real‐world study of >30 000 adults with T1D showed that individuals with suboptimal versus optimal glycaemic control differed significantly in terms of health care coverage, comorbidities, diabetes‐related complications, health care utilization and CV risk factors. However, suboptimal control was not associated with increased risk of CV outcomes.

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“…Unfortunately, we could not collect information on whether the relatives had type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. However, as the majority of adult diabetes patients are thought to have type 2 diabetes, we simply considered the diabetes of the relatives as type 2 diabetes. Overall, 15.2% had a father and 18.8% had a mother with diabetes, irrespective of the presence of siblings with diabetes (Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family history of diabetes in both parents is strongly associated with impaired residual β‐cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients

Iwata

Kamura

Honoki

et al. 2019

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction: The objective of the present study was to clarify the association of the type and number of first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) with the clinical characteristics, especially with residual b-cell function, in type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,131 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited and divided into four groups according to FHD information as follows: (i) patients without FHD (FHD-); (ii) those with at least one sibling who had diabetes without parental diabetes (FHD+); (iii) those with one parent (FHD++); or (iv) those with both parents (FHD+++) who had diabetes with or without a sibling with diabetes. Results: The percentages of the FHD-, FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were 49.4%, 13.4%, 34.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in the FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were significantly younger at the time of diabetes diagnosis (P < 0.001) than those in the FHDand FHD+ groups, even after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, the levels of insulin secretion were significantly lower in the patients in the FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups than those in the FHD-group (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors, and the patients in the FHD+++ group presented with the lowest levels of insulin secretion among the four groups. Conclusions: Our results showed that in type 2 diabetes patients, the degree of the associations between FHD and clinical characteristics differs according to the number and the type of FHD. In particular, FHD in both parents is most strongly associated with impaired residual b-cell function.

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Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults by Diabetes Type — United States, 2016

Cited by 363 publications

References 6 publications

New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes

New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Differences between patients with type 1 diabetes with optimal and suboptimal glycaemic control: A real‐world study of more than 30 000 patients in a US electronic health record database

Family history of diabetes in both parents is strongly associated with impaired residual β‐cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients

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