Prevalence of Depressive Disorders and Associated Demographic Factors Among Refugees Amidst COVID-19 in Nakivale Refugee Camp in Southwestern Uganda

Kabunga, Amir; Anyayo, Lucas

doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.20216754

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The pooled mean age of the participants was 27.19 years (95% CI: 24.31–30.09 years; I 2 = 85.38, p <0.001). A total of eight studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 6 , 14 , 16 , 33 , 53 , 168 – 171 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of depression in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kaggwa

Najjuka²,

Bongomin³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Depression is one of the most studied mental health disorders, with varying prevalence rates reported across study populations in Uganda. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to determine the pooled prevalence of depression and the prevalence of depression across different study populations in the country. Methods Papers for the review were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journal OnLine, and Google Scholar databases. All included papers were observational studies regarding depression prevalence in Uganda, published before September 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of the included papers, and depression pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 127 studies comprising 123,859 individuals were identified. Most studies were conducted among individuals living with HIV (n = 43; 33.9%), and the most frequently used instrument for assessing depression was the Depression sub-section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (n = 34). The pooled prevalence of depression was 30.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.7–34.1, I2 = 99.80, p<0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period (48.1% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.021). Refugees had the highest prevalence of depression (67.6%; eight studies), followed by war victims (36.0%; 12 studies), individuals living with HIV (28.2%; 43 studies), postpartum or pregnant mothers (26.9%; seven studies), university students (26.9%; four studies), children and adolescents (23.6%; 10 studies), and caregivers of patients (18.5%; six studies). Limitation Significantly high levels of heterogeneity among the studies included. Conclusion Almost one in three individuals in Uganda has depression, with the refugee population being disproportionately affected. Targeted models for depression screening and management across various populations across the country are recommended. Trial registration Protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022310122).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 2,538 refugees were assessed for depression in Uganda, and 1,652 screened positive for depression in eight studies. The prevalence of depression ranged between 45.2% [ 168 ] and 96% [ 36 ]. The pooled prevalence of depression was 67.6% (95 CI: 53.7%-81.5%; I 2 = 94.82, p <0.001) ( Fig 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kaggwa

Najjuka²,

Bongomin³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…According to the 2018 joint inter‐agency Multi‐Sector Needs Assessment which was generalizable to refugee populations from 30 settlements in Uganda, one‐in‐five (22%) refugee households have reported that at least one member was in psychological distress (UNHCR, 2020b), thus highlighting the pervasive well‐being and mental health needs among this population. Moreover, further supportive evidence emerged during the COVID‐19 pandemic that nearly half (47%) of 146 refugees iing in Nakivale criteria for having a depressive disorder (Kabunga & Anyayo, 2020). Depression and psychological distress are also positively associated with suicide in refugee settlements (Bwesige & Snider, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refugee caregivers: Associations between psychosocial wellbeing and parenting in Uganda

Meinhart¹,

Mangen²,

Hermosilla

et al. 2023

Stress and Health

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Caregivers in humanitarian settings experience compounding stressors that may challenge their ability to provide quality parenting to children in their care. In recognition of this precarity, our analysis examines the linkage between psychosocial wellbeing and parenting behaviours among caregivers in Kiryandongo Settlement, Uganda. Using baseline data from an evaluation of a psychosocial intervention designed to support caregiver wellbeing and engage caregivers to support children in their communities, multi‐variable ordinary least square regressions were used to estimate how various measures of psychosocial wellbeing (i.e. psychological distress, social support, and functioning) and parenting attitudes (related to violence against children) are associated with parental warmth and rejection. Profound livelihood challenges were found, as nearly half of the sample (48.20%) indicated cash from INGOs as their income source and/or reported never attending school (46.71%). Increased social support (coef. 0.11; 95% CIs: 0.08–0.15) and positive attitudes (coef. 0.21; 95% CIs: 0.14–0.29) were significantly associated with more desirable parental warmth/affection. Similarly, positive attitudes (coef. 0.16; 95% CIs 0.11–0.20), reduced distress (coef. 0.11; 95% CIs: 0.08–0.14) and increased functioning (coef. 0.03; 95% CIs: 0.01–0.04) were significantly associated with more desirable scores of parental undifferentiated rejection. While further research is needed to examine underlining mechanisms and causal pathways, our findings both link individual wellbeing characteristics with parenting behaviours and suggest further exploration into whether and how broader elements of the ecosystem may influence parenting outcomes.

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“…It is important to note that although the prevalence of mental health issues was relatively high in our study (approximately 43% of all participants screened positive for PTSD, 25% for depression and 23% for anxiety), these estimates are comparable or lower than that observed in other studies in similar and nearby regions. [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support and Linkage to HIV Care Following Routine HIV Testing in a Ugandan Refugee Settlement

et al. 2022

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We aimed to identify factors associated with linkage to care for individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in a refugee settlement. This study was conducted from October 2018 through January 2020 in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among individuals accessing routine HIV testing services. The survey included questions on demographic factors, physical and mental health conditions, social support, and HIV-related stigma. We collected GPS coordinates of the homes of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. Associations with linkage to care were assessed using bivariate and multivariable analyses. Linkage to care was defined as clinic attendance within 90 days of a positive HIV test, not including the day of testing. Network analysis was used to estimate the travel distance between participants’ homes and HIV clinic and to spatially characterize participants living with HIV and their levels of social support. Of 219 participants diagnosed with HIV (out of 5,568 participants screened), 74.4% linked to HIV care. Those who reported higher social support had higher odds of linking to care compared with those who reported lower social support. On spatial analysis, lower levels of social support were most prevalent in Nakivale Refugee Settlement itself, with more robust social support southeast and west of the study area. Social support is a salient correlate of linkage to care for individuals living in refugee settlements and could be the focus of an intervention for improving uptake of HIV care services.

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Prevalence of Depressive Disorders and Associated Demographic Factors Among Refugees Amidst COVID-19 in Nakivale Refugee Camp in Southwestern Uganda

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of depression in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of depression in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Refugee caregivers: Associations between psychosocial wellbeing and parenting in Uganda

Social Support and Linkage to HIV Care Following Routine HIV Testing in a Ugandan Refugee Settlement

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