Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Patients with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in a Brazilian Population

Abstract

Objective : Many studies have demonstrated a high frequency of dental anomalies in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Because dental anomalies may complicate dental treatment, we investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Design, Participants, Setting : Retrospective analysis was performed using clinical records of 296 patients aged between 12 and 30 years with repaired nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment. Associations between oral clefts and presence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area were investigated. Results : Dental anomalies were identified in 39.9% of the nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients, and tooth agenesis (47.5%), impacted tooth (13.1%), and microdontia (12.7%) were the most common anomalies. Cleft lip patients were less affected by dental anomalies compared with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate patients (p = .057). Specifically, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were significantly more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate (p = .00002), and individuals with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (p = .002) and complete cleft palate (p = .01) were significantly more affected by tooth agenesis than other cleft types. Agenesis of the premolars (p = .043) and maxillary lateral incisors (p = .03) were significantly more frequent in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Conclusions : The present study revealed a high frequency of dental anomalies in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients and further demonstrated that patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were frequently more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Moreover, our results demonstrate that dental anomalies should be considered during dental treatment planning for individuals affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate.

A Longitudinal Study of the Presence of Dental Anomalies in the Primary and Permanent Dentitions of Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients

“…Ranta (1986) reviewed a wide range of hypodontia on the noncleft side: 3.1% to 10.4% for the maxillary lateral incisor, 7.5% to 32.3% for the maxillary second premolar, and 0.4% to 10.8% for the mandibular second premolar. But Paranaiba et al (2013) mentioned that the extension of the cleft did not correlate with the frequency of dental anomalies.…”

A cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence of tooth agenesis and structural dental anomalies in association with cleft type in non-syndromic oral cleft patients

“…The most frequent dental anomaly among cleft patients is tooth agenesis [3–7]. The occurrence of tooth agenesis among cleft patients is markedly increased in comparison to the general, non-cleft population [3, 6–11].…”

Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment

“…In literature, Ranta [23] reported that the incidence of hypodontia rises strongly with the severity of cleft. Paranaiba et al [17] also found that patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were affected more significantly by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate. It should be considered that ethnicity also plays an important role in prevalence of cleft and associated anomalies.…”

“…Paranaiba et al studied prevalence of dental abnormalities in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in Brazilian population and found that agenesis of the premolars and maxillary lateral incisors were significantly more frequent in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate [17]. In various studies, lateral incisors were reported to be the most commonly missing teeth followed by second premolars [12,18,19].…”