Prevalence of dementia in Latin America: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts

Nitrini, Ricardo; Bottino, Cássio M.C.; Albala, Cecilia; Custodio, Nilton; Ketzoian, Carlos; Rodriguez, Juan J. Llibre; Maestre, Gladys E.; Ramos-Cerqueira, Ana Teresa de Abreu; Caramelli, Paulo

doi:10.1017/s1041610209009430

Cited by 254 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this study, almost 30% of the elderly were illiterate, one of the highest frequencies when compared to other Latin-American epidemiologic studies 6 . Illiteracy has been associated with dementia by Brazilian and Latin-American studies 1,6 , although several of the other constraints associated with illiteracy such as low income, poor health surveillance and bad nutrition habits have not been properly evaluated. To investigate these other confounders, cohort studies are necessary to go beyond assumptions of association and to reach incidence rates of diseases and successful aging.…”

supporting

confidence: 40%

Successful aging in Brazil

Nitrini¹

2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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supporting

confidence: 40%

Successful aging in Brazil

Nitrini¹

2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

Self Cite

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“…These tests are widely used in clinical and epidemiological studies among adults living in developed countries and were validated to the Brazilian elderly [9,10]. However, generalization to different populations may be limited or even inadequate [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education Plays a Greater Role than Age in Cognitive Test Performance among Participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Passos

Giatti

Chor

et al. 2015

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background: Brazil has gone through fast demographic, epidemiologic and nutritional transitions and, despite recent improvements in wealth distribution, continues to present a high level of social and economic inequality. The ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study, aimed at investigating cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, offers a great opportunity to assess cognitive decline in this aging population through time-sequential analyses drawn from the same battery of tests over time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of sex, age and education on cognitive tests performance of the participants at baseline. Methods: Analyses pertain to 14,594 participants with aged 35 to 74 years, who were functionally independent and had no history of stroke or use of neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, cholinesterase inhibitors or antiparkinsonian agents. Mean age was 52.0 ± 9.0 years and 54.2 % of participants were women. Cognitive tests included the word memory tests (retention, recall and recognition), verbal fluency tests (VFT, animals and letter F) and Trail Making Test B. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the distribution of the final score of each test. Results: Women had significant and slightly higher scores than men in all memory tests and VFT, but took more time to perform Trail B. Reduced performance in all tests was seen with an increase age and, more importantly, with decrease level of education. The word list and VFT scores decreased at about one word for every 10 years of age; whereas higher-educated participants scored four words more on the word list test, and six or seven more correct words on VFT, when compared to lower-educated participants. Additionally, the oldest and less educated participants showed significant lower response rates in all tests. Conclusions: The higher influence of education than age in this Brazilian population reinforce the need for caution in analyzing and diagnosing cognitive impairments based on traditional cognitive tests and the importance of searching for education-free cognitive tests, especially in low and middle-income countries.

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“…Esto representa una seria limitación para el diagnóstico de demencia en países en desarrollo, en los cuales una significativa proporción de población mayor de 65 años de edad tiene bajo nivel educativo (34) . Como consecuencia, individuos con bajo nivel de educación con o sin demencia pueden ser mal diagnosticados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Validación de la prueba de dibujo del reloj - versión de Manos - como prueba de cribado para detectar demencia en una población adulta mayor de Lima, Perú

Custodio¹,

García²,

Montesinos³

et al. 2011

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Introducción. La prueba de dibujo del reloj versión de Manos (PDR-M) es un instrumento de evaluación cognitiva breve para la detección de demencia. Objetivos. Evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de la PDR-M para discriminar entre pacientes con demencia y sujetos controles sanos. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron sujetos mayores de 65 años de edad, excluyendo los que presentaban enfermedades concomitantes graves y con dificultades auditivas o visuales. Se recogieron datos demográficos y se les realizó PDR-M y Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). A los individuos del grupo de demencia se les realizó además evaluaciones clínicas, de laboratorio, neuropsicológicas y tomografía cerebral. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad de la PDR-M así como el área bajo la curva ROC. Resultados. Se evaluó 210 individuos, 103 con diagnóstico confirmado de demencia y 107 controles sanos, con edad y sexo similares en ambos grupos; y mayor nivel educativo en el grupo control. Estableciendo un punto de corte de 7 se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 99,0% y una especificidad de 83,5%. Cuando se compararon las áreas bajo la curva ROC de la PDR-M y del MMSE no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones. La PDR-M es un instrumento breve y confiable para la detección de demencia en la población urbana de Lima en el Perú. VALIDATION OF THE CLOCK DRAWING TEST -MANOS´ VERSION -AS A SCREENING TEST FOR DETECTION OF DEMENTIA IN OLDER PERSONS OF LIMA; PERU ABSTRACT Introduction. The clock drawing test (PDR-M) -Manos´ version -is a brief cognitive assessment tool for dementia detection.Objectives. To assess the validity and reliability of the PDR-M to discriminate between patients with dementia and healthy control subjects. Materials and methods. We evaluated subjects over 65 years of age, excluding those with severe concomitant diseases and those with hearing or visual impairment. We obtained demographic data and performed the PDR-M and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subjects of the dementia group were also submitted to clinical, laboratory and neuropsychological evaluations as well as computed tomography scanning. Sensitivity and specificity of the PDR-M were calculated as well as the area under the ROC curve. Results. We evaluated 210 individuals, 103 with confirmed diagnosis of dementia and 107 healthy controls with similar age and sex in both groups, but a higher educational level in the control group. Setting a cutoff point of 7, a sensitivity of 99.0% and a specificity of 83.5% were found. When comparing the areas under the ROC curves of the PDR-M and MMSE we found no statistically significant difference. Conclusions. The PDR-M is a brief and reliable instrument for the detection of dementia in the urban population of Lima, Peru.

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Prevalence of dementia in Latin America: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts

Cited by 254 publications

References 27 publications

Successful aging in Brazil

Successful aging in Brazil

Education Plays a Greater Role than Age in Cognitive Test Performance among Participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Validación de la prueba de dibujo del reloj - versión de Manos - como prueba de cribado para detectar demencia en una población adulta mayor de Lima, Perú

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