Prevalence of comorbidities in obese New Zealand children and adolescents at enrolment in a community‐based obesity programme

Anderson, Yvonne; Wynter, Lisa E.; Treves, Katharine F.; Stewart, Joanna; Cave, Tami L.; Wild, C.; Derraik, José G. B.; Cutfield, Wayne S.; Hofman, Paul L.

doi:10.1111/jpc.13315

Cited by 23 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…38 Recent studies in this cohort of children and adolescents with obesity have found suboptimal eating behaviour, 39 suboptimal physical activity 40 and a high prevalence of weight-related comorbidities, including hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea. 33 We were not surprised that breathing pauses were associated with poorer HRQOL and higher total scores on the CBCL/YSR. Breathing pauses in children and adolescents with obesity are associated with obstructive sleep apnoea, 41 and children and adolescents with obesity with this condition have reported lower HRQOL total scores than peers with obesity without the condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Demographics of family and medical history have been previously reported for the total cohort. 33 In brief, among our 233 participants, living arrangements included a two-parent household for half of the participants (n=119, 52%), one-parent household (mother) for 38% (n=87), one-parent household (father) for 4% (n=10) and other arrangement for 6% (n=14). Headaches were prevalent in 32% (n=75), 32% of participants had difficulties getting to sleep (n=75), 20% had breathing pauses (n=47) and 9% had developmental concerns (n=20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological well-being of children and adolescents with obesity enrolled in a New Zealand community-based intervention programme: an observational study

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveTo describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological well-being of children and adolescents at enrolment in a multidisciplinary community-based obesity programme and to determine association with ethnicity. This programme targeted indigenous people and those from most deprived households. Further, this cohort was compared with other populations/normative data.MethodsThis study examines baseline demographic data of an unblinded randomised controlled clinical trial. Participants (recruited from January 2012-August 2014) resided in Taranaki, New Zealand, and for this study we only included those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥98th percentile (obese). HRQOL and psychological well-being were assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL V.4.0TM) (parent and child reports), and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/Youth Self Report (YSR).ResultsAssessments were undertaken for 233 participants (45% Māori, 45% New Zealand European, 10% other ethnicities, 52% female, 30% from the most deprived household quintile), mean age 10.6 years. The mean BMI SD score (SDS) was 3.12 (range 2.01–5.34). Total PedsQL generic scaled score (parent) was lower (mean=63.4, SD 14.0) than an age-matched group of Australian children without obesity from the Health of Young Victorians study (mean=83.1, SD 12.5). In multivariable models, child and parental generic scaled scores decreased in older children (β=−0.70 and p=0.031, β=−0.64 and p=0.047, respectively). Behavioural difficulties (CBCL/YSR total score) were reported in 43.5% of participants, with the rate of emotional/behavioural difficulties six times higher than reported norms (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this cohort, children and adolescents with obesity had a low HRQOL, and a concerning level of psychological difficulties, irrespective of ethnicity. Obesity itself rather than ethnicity or deprivation appeared to contribute to lower HRQOL scores. This study highlights the importance of psychologist involvement in obesity intervention programmes.Trial registration numberAustralian NZ Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12611000862943; Pre-results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological well-being of children and adolescents with obesity enrolled in a New Zealand community-based intervention programme: an observational study

et al. 2017

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“…Data collected included weight-related assessments (including measured weight and height), a focussed medical, dietary, physical and psychological review (including measuring heights and weights) [13], as well as fasting blood samples. Baseline comorbidity data (including metabolic data) have been reported [15]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Eating Behaviours of Obese New Zealand Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a Community-Based Intervention Programme

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe dietary intake and eating behaviours of obese children and adolescents, and also to determine how these differ in Indigenous versus non-Indigenous children at enrolment in an obesity programme.MethodsBaseline dietary intake and eating behaviour records were assessed from those enrolled in a clinical unblinded randomised controlled trial of a multi-disciplinary intervention. The setting was a community-based obesity programme in Taranaki, New Zealand. Children or adolescents who were enrolled from January 2012 to August 2014, with a BMI ≥98th percentile or >91st centile with weight-related comorbidities were eligible.Results239 participants (45% Māori, 45% NZ Europeans, 10% other ethnicities), aged 5–17 years were assessed. Two-thirds of participants experienced hyperphagia and half were not satiated after a meal. Comfort eating was reported by 62% of participants, and daily energy intake was above the recommended guidelines for 54%. Fruit and vegetable intake was suboptimal compared with the recommended 5 servings per day (mean 3.5 [SD = 1.9] servings per day), and the mean weekly breakfasts were less than the national average (5.9 vs 6.5; p<0.0001). Median sweet drink intake amongst Māori was twice that of NZ Europeans (250 vs 125 ml per day; p = 0.0002).ConclusionsThere was a concerning prevalence of abnormal eating behaviours and significant differences in dietary intake between obese participants and their national counterparts. Ethnic differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants were also present, especially in relation to sweet drink consumption. Eating behaviours, especially sweet drink consumption and fruit/vegetable intake need to be addressed.

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“…For example, even among preschool children (aged 3–6 years), an increase in body mass index (BMI) of 1 kg/m 2 has been associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure [32]. Furthermore, conditions that were previously considered restricted to adults (e.g., type 2 diabetes and sleep apnea) are now being diagnosed more and more frequently in obese youth [23, 29, 31]. …”

Section: Childhood Obesity: Prevalence and Associated Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the long term, it is predictive of diabetes risk [20, 21], and it is associated with premature mortality [22] and increased cardiovascular risk [21, 22], predominantly as a result of a substantially greater risk of adult obesity [20, 23-26]. In the short term, childhood overweight and obesity are associated with psychosocial distress [22, 27-29], a lower health-related quality of life [30], and a range of physical comorbidities [29, 31]. For example, even among preschool children (aged 3–6 years), an increase in body mass index (BMI) of 1 kg/m 2 has been associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure [32].…”

Section: Childhood Obesity: Prevalence and Associated Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

et al. 2018

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Statistical models have been developed for the prediction or diagnosis of a wide range of outcomes. However, to our knowledge, only 7 published studies have reported models to specifically predict overweight and/or obesity in early childhood. These models were developed using known risk factors and vary greatly in terms of their discrimination and predictive capacities. There are currently no established guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable level of risk (i.e., risk threshold) for childhood obesity prediction models, but these should be set following consideration of the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions, as well as any relevant clinical guidelines. To date, no studies have examined the impact of using early childhood obesity prediction models as intervention tools. While these are potentially valuable to inform targeted interventions, the heterogeneity of the existing models and the lack of consensus on adequate thresholds limit their usefulness in practice.

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Prevalence of comorbidities in obese New Zealand children and adolescents at enrolment in a community‐based obesity programme

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological well-being of children and adolescents with obesity enrolled in a New Zealand community-based intervention programme: an observational study

Assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological well-being of children and adolescents with obesity enrolled in a New Zealand community-based intervention programme: an observational study

Dietary Intake and Eating Behaviours of Obese New Zealand Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a Community-Based Intervention Programme

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

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