Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin G antibody in infertile women in Calabar

Odusolu, Patience; Edet, Ekpo Effiong; Emechebe, Cajethan; Agan, TU; Okpe, Andrew Enwa; Etuk, Saturday

doi:10.4103/2384-5589.198319

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The detection of IgG anti-Chlamydia antibodies is advantageous as C. trachomatis infections 7 are predominantly asymptomatic and not part of empiric detection protocols. Chlamydia trachomatis infections cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that is can lead to infertility in females as described in studies by Odusolu et al 8 as well as tubal disorders as reported by Singh et al 9 Our study documents a >10 times higher prevalence of ASA in the study population with the increased level of ASA being significant. Immune infertility due to continued and persistent levels of ASA in males and implication of ASA in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the attendant complications in treatments to resolve infertility especially subclinical infertility are documented in the study by Dhama et al 10 and findings also strongly reiterate the stated possible adverse outcomes due to increased ASA Piroozmand et al 11 Our study determined that there is 11 times increase in hyperthyroidism in the study population compared with control out of which elevated T3 levels contributed 59.1% with increased T4 levels accounting for the remaining 40.9%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Trifactorial Influence—Antisperm Antibody, Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies, and Thyroid Levels in Infertility

Rajamanickam¹,

Danislas²,

Mohanram³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infertility &Amp; Fetal Medicine

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Aim and objective: The present study determines the incidence of anti-Chlamydia antibodies (ACA), antisperm antibody (ASA), and thyroid levels in serum of infertility patients and statistically determines the significance of all three study parameters. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on volunteers of 190 patients both male and female reporting to the Infertility Clinic of hospital and 178 patients including pregnant women patients were used as control. Serum from patients was collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-Chlamydia antibodies, ASA, serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Infertility patients representing 12.6% of the study population tested positive for anti-Chlamydia antibodies. 21.6% of 190 patients had high ASA levels and these levels were found to be statistically significant p < 0.001 when compared with control. Elevated thyroid levels of the study population observed as increased T3 in 26 patients and T4 in 18 patients with 16 patients having increased TSH and the increased levels of thyroid in infertility patients compared with control is statistically significant p value <0.01. Correlation between all three study parameters is statistically significant [0.01 level (two-tailed)]. Conclusion: Significantly higher levels of anti-Chlamydia antibodies and ASA are found associated in infertile patients as is elevated T3, T4, and TSH. All three parameters together can cause infertility showing the multidimensional factors for the development of infertility. Clinical significance: Patients with infertility should be screened for all three study parameters viz. ACA, ASA, and thyroid levels and subsequent treatment protocols to resolve all possible adverse results to within normal levels for the success of ART. Research highlights• The present study found higher levels of anti-Chlamydia antibody in patients with primary infertility compared with the control group indicating the strong association between chlamydial infections and infertility. • The present study found higher levels of antisperm antibodies in the serum of patients with primary infertility compared with the control group implying a significant role for ASA and development of infertility. • Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism due to elevated TSH and hyperthyroidism associated with increased total serum T3 or T4 are several times higher in infertility patients when compared with the general population providing evidence for thyroid imbalance and infertility. • All three study parameters-anti-Chlamydia antibodies, ASA, and thyroid levels occurring together in any one patient may tend to cause infertility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Trifactorial Influence—Antisperm Antibody, Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies, and Thyroid Levels in Infertility

Rajamanickam¹,

Danislas²,

Mohanram³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infertility &Amp; Fetal Medicine

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“…13 The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 38.6% among patients with infertility at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria, while the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 2% among women attending General Hospital in Calabar, South-South Nigeria. 14,15 The prevalence for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections were 17.6% and 2.4% respectively at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria. 2 Different studies have reported various prevalence rates of post-HSG clinical pelvic infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of NAAT- PCR to determine asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in infertile patients undergoing hysterosalpingogram at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria

Oriji

Kiridi

Allagoa

et al. 2020

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: The roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the aetiology of infertility due to tubal occlusion have been established by various studies. These organisms may lead to pelvic infection by ascending into the upper genital tract through any instrumentation like hysterosalpingography. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial and gonorrhoeal infections of the genital tract among women being investigated for infertility referred for hysterosalpingography; the relationship of these infections with tubal pathologies; and if routine endo-cervical screening and prophylactic antibiotics be recommended for these patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of consecutive 220 infertile women that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Consent was obtained. Endo-cervical swab was taken for NAAT-PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hysterosalpingography was carried out. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 22). Results: Amongst the 220 women, 9 (4.1%) had asymptomatic chlamydia infection. None had gonorrhoea infection and 211 (95.9%) had none of these two organisms. Forty-eight (21.9%) of the 220 women had bilateral tubal blockage and 9 (18.8%) out of these 48 women had asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant association between tubal blockage and chlamydia infection (p = 0.00) ]. There was no evidence to recommend routine screening/antibiotics considering the low prevalence of microbes and the absence of post-HSG pelvic infection. Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial will be more representative.

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“…The reported sensitivity of the anti-Chlamydia IgG rapid Kit that was used in this study was 98% and specificity was 98%. 25 These results were comparable to ELISA Kits; however, the limitation of the rapid Kit test is that the results are qualitative.…”

Section: Sensitivity/specificity Of the Kitmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Serum samples were obtained to detect chlamydia antibodies IgG using the gold immunefiltration anti-Chlamydia IgG rapid test Kit produced by Span biotech limited, China. 25…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Chlamydia serology in prediction of tubal factor infertility among infertile patients at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, North Central Nigeria

Amadi

Onwudiegwu

Adeyemi

et al. 2019

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Infertility is a major public health problem in developing countries where pelvic inflammatory disease due mainly to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea infection have been implicated. The role of Chlamydia serology in predicting tubal factor infertility (TFI) has been demonstrated by many researchers elsewhere. However, there are limited data in our environment. This prospective cross-sectional study aims to determine the usefulness of Chlamydia Serology as a screening tool for TFI at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, North Central Nigeria.Methods: 125 women with infertility who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Relevant information on their socio-demographic characteristics, gynaecological symptoms and risks factors for infertility were obtained. Participants had Hysterosalpingography (HSG) as part of their fertility work-up while 5ml of venous blood was withdrawn to check for Immunoglobulin G antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis using rapid test kits. The HSG findings were correlated with the result of Chlamydia serology. Data was analyzed using the computer software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The level of significance (p value) was set at 0.05.Results: A total of 120 infertile women completed the study, 5 had incomplete investigations and were excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of TFI was 47.5%, while that of positive chlamydia serology was 36.5%. The prevalence of chlamydial seropositivity was 59.6% for patients with TFI but 15.9% for non-TFI. There was a significant association between positive chlamydia serology and TFI p< 0.05. The study revealed moderate sensitivity 59.6%, and negative predictive value 69.7% but high specificity 84.1% and positive predictive value of 77.2%. In this study the odds for diagnosing tubal infertility was 7.8.Conclusions: Chlamydia serology is useful in predicting TFI and should be incorporated in the routine work up for infertility.

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Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin G antibody in infertile women in Calabar

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Trifactorial Influence—Antisperm Antibody, Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies, and Thyroid Levels in Infertility

Trifactorial Influence—Antisperm Antibody, Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies, and Thyroid Levels in Infertility

The use of NAAT- PCR to determine asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in infertile patients undergoing hysterosalpingogram at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria

Usefulness of Chlamydia serology in prediction of tubal factor infertility among infertile patients at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, North Central Nigeria

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