Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in healthy children and in children with respiratory tract infections

Falck, Göran; Gnarpe, Judy; Gnarpe, Håkan

doi:10.1097/00006454-199706000-00003

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…C. pneumoniae has previously been reported to colonize the nasopharynx in 5 to 15% of asymptomatic healthy subjects (9,22), although recent studies, including the present study, did not detect NP colonization with this pathogen. In addition, C. pneumoniae has been reported to have been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with a variety of illnesses, as well as healthy subjects (17 to 47%), in various studies (reviewed in reference 2) and in sera obtained from healthy subjects in one study (32).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of several bacterial species has been extensively described globally, with widely varying prevalence rates depending on factors including, but not limited to, the diagnostic methodologies employed and the specimen types (9,22,38). Carriage rates reported vary from 5 to 90% for S. pneumoniae, depending on the age and geographic location of the population studied and the presence or absence of risk factors (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus has been reported to colonize up to 32 to 36% of individuals in healthy populations in the United States (6,14). Asymptomatic colonization by C. pneumoniae in both adults and children, with the prevalence varying from 2 to 5%, has also been described previously (9,22). Whether or not asymptomatic carriage of Legionella species occurs remains unknown (39).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of 11 Common Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia or Sepsis in Asymptomatic Patients by Using a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with Manual (Enzyme Hybridization) or Automated (Electronic Microarray) Detection

et al. 2008

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and sepsis are important causes of morbidity and mortality. We describe the development of two molecular assays for the detection of 11 common viral and bacterial agents of CAP and sepsis: influenza virus A, influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV A), RSV B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Legionella micdadei, Bordetella pertussis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, we report the prevalence of carriage of these pathogens in respiratory, skin, and serum specimens from 243 asymptomatic children and adults. The detection of pathogens was done using both a manual enzyme hybridization assay and an automated electronic microarray following reverse transcription and PCR amplification. The analytical sensitivities ranged between 0.01 and 100 50% tissue culture infective doses, cells, or CFU per ml for both detection methods. Analytical specificity testing demonstrated no significant cross-reactivity among 19 other common respiratory organisms. One hundred spiked "surrogate" clinical specimens were all correctly identified with 100% specificity (95% confidence interval, 100%). Overall, 28 (21.7%) of 129 nasopharyngeal specimens, 11 of 100 skin specimens, and 2 of 100 serum specimens from asymptomatic subjects tested positive for one or more pathogens, with S. pneumoniae and S. aureus giving 89% of the positive results. Our data suggest that asymptomatic carriage makes the use of molecular assays problematic for the detection of S. pneumoniae or S. aureus in upper respiratory tract secretions; however, the specimens tested showed virtually no carriage of the other nine viral and bacterial pathogens, and the detection of these pathogens should not be a significant diagnostic problem. In addition, slightly less sensitive molecular assays may have better correlation with clinical disease in the case of CAP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of 11 Common Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia or Sepsis in Asymptomatic Patients by Using a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with Manual (Enzyme Hybridization) or Automated (Electronic Microarray) Detection

et al. 2008

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“…falck et al [11] using PCR method detected C. pneumoniae in throat swabs in 38 (45%) out of 85 children with acute respiratory tract infection. These children were diagnosed mostly with acute upper respiratory tract infection, and 4 patients had recurrent infection associated with exudative otitis media.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae Antigens in Children in the Lower Silesia Region in 2011

Choroszy−Król¹,

Frej−Mądrzak²,

Sarowska³

et al. 2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. The majority of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections are asymptomatic. Symptomatic infections due to C. pneumoniae are associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Objectives. analysis of the frequency of C. pneumoniae antigens detection in children in the Lower Silesia Region in 2011. Material and Methods. 303 throat swabs obtained from 130 girls and 173 boys, aged 20 months to 18 years, were tested. The patients who were entered into the study were treated due to various respiratory disorders. Examinations were performed by Ifa technique, using the Chlamydia Cell PN testing kits (Cellabs Pty Ltd., Sydney, australia). Results. The presence of C. pneumoniae antigen was detected in 95/303 (31.4%) of all examined children (in 48/130 (36.9%) of girls and in 47/173 (27.2%) of boys). In the group of patients with dry cough, as the most common presenting clinical symptom of respiratory infection, the positive Ifa test results for C. pneumoniae occurred in 32 out of 94 (34.0%) of girls and in 34 out of 117 (29.1%) of boys. In the case of the examined children with other prevailing clinical symptom, which included a cough with discharge and a runny nose, the positive tests for C. pneumoniae were shown in 13 out of 27 (48.1%) of girls and in 9 out of 42 (21.4%) of boys. In the group of children without symptoms of infection, who had direct contact with C. pneumoniae infected person, there were 3 out of 9 (33.3%) of girls and 4 out of 14 (28.6%) of boys positively tested cases. Conclusions. Results of Ifa studies for C. pneumoniae in throat swabs in children varies according to clinical symptoms and seasonality. There were no clear gender and age-related differences. C. pneumoniae test should be considered only after the presence of microorganisms typical of respiratory infections has been excluded (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 3, 411-414).

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“…Сероэпидемиологиче-ские исследования, проведенные в США, Швеции, Финляндии и Конго, выявили у 30-69% детей анти-тела к Chlamydophila pneumoniae и Chlamydia tracho matis [20][21][22][23]. Но положительные результаты серологических тестов не отражают реальную ин-фицированность хламидиями, а лишь указывают на настоящий или прошлый контакт с этой инфекци-ей.…”

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Prevalence of Respiratory Chlamydiosis in Children,attending Kindergartens

Капустина

Белова

Маркина

2012

Rossiĭskiĭ semeĭnyĭ vrach

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В статье представлены сведения о распространенности хламидийного инфицирования верхнего отдела респираторного тракта у детей, посещающих дошкольные учреждения. Показана видовая структура иден-тифицированных хламидий в зависимости от пола, а также превалирование у детей с респираторным хламидиозом острой и хронической ЛОР-патологии по сравнению с неинфицированными детьми. Резуль-таты основаны на обследовании 121 ребенка. Диагностику хламидий проводили методом прямой имму-нофлюоресценции.Ключевые слова: хламидийная инфекция верхнего отдела респираторного тракта, детские организо-ванные коллективы.The article represents the data on the prevalence of Chlamydia contamination of upper respiratory tract in children, who attend kindergartens. The authors show species composition of identified Chlamydiae structured by gender and their predominance in children with respiratory chlamydiosis in acute and chronic pathology as compared to non-contaminated children. The obtained results are based on examination of 121 children. Chlamydiae diagnosis was carried out by implementing direct immune fluorescence.Keywords: Chlamydia infection of upper respiratory tract, organized children/ kindergarten.Введение. Инфекционные заболевания дыха-тельных путей у детей занимают одно из ведущих мест. Наиболее часто регистрируются поражения верхнего отдела респираторного тракта у детей, посещающих дошкольные учреждения. Нередко болезнь протекает длительно, часто рецидивирует, а порой приобретает хроническое течение. По мне-нию большинства ученых, это связано не только с особенностями иммунной системы у детей в воз-расте от 3 до 7 лет и возросшей антигенной нагруз-кой на организм ребенка, но и с изменением спек-тра респираторных возбудителей за счет увеличе-ния значимости внутриклеточных инфекционных агентов [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].Результаты многочисленных исследований, про-веденных в 70-80-х гг. XX в., убедительно подтвер-дили ведущую роль Streptococcus pneumo niae в этио-логии инфекционных заболеваний респираторного тракта у детей. Однако уже в 90-х гг. прошлого сто-летия доля пневмококковой респираторной пато-логии стала составлять не 80% от всех инфекцион-ных заболеваний дыхательных путей, а только 15-45% [9-11].В настоящее время хламидии признаются у де-тей возбудителями острых респираторных заболе-ваний в 18% случаев, а обструктивного ларинготра-хеита -в 15% случаев [12,13]. Согласно другим исследованиям, проведенным с использованием методов ДНК-диагностики и иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА), хламидийная этиология у детей при остром бронхите установлена у 13-25% детей, при пневмонии -у 10-32% [12,[14][15][16]. При этом до 80% детей, больных пневмонией, ассоциированной с хламидийной инфекцией, составили дети раннего и дошкольного возрастов [16]. По нашим данным, хламидийные структуры у детей в возрасте от 3 до 6 лет с острым синуситом и обострением хрониче-ского аденоидита, госпитализированных в ЛОР-отделение ввиду неэффективности амбулаторного лечения, были обнаружены методами прямого им-мунофлюоресцентного анализа (ПИФ) и полимераз-но...

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Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in healthy children and in children with respiratory tract infections

Abstract: The findings suggest that C. pneumoniae is common among children with respiratory tract infections.

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Detection of 11 Common Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia or Sepsis in Asymptomatic Patients by Using a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with Manual (Enzyme Hybridization) or Automated (Electronic Microarray) Detection

Detection of 11 Common Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia or Sepsis in Asymptomatic Patients by Using a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with Manual (Enzyme Hybridization) or Automated (Electronic Microarray) Detection

Detection of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae Antigens in Children in the Lower Silesia Region in 2011

Prevalence of Respiratory Chlamydiosis in Children,attending Kindergartens

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