Prevalence of canine coronavirus and parvovirus infections in dogs with gastroenteritis in Thailand

Sakulwira, Kamol; Vanapongtipagorn, Pijitra; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Oraveerakul, Kanisak; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.17221/5764-vetmed

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This study also showed that CPV‐2 was predominantly detected in dogs of young age (<1 year). These results were similar to the previous report of CPV‐2 in puppies in Thailand (Sakulwira, Vanapongtipagorn, Theamboonlers, Oraveerakul, & Poovorawan, ). It is important to note that CPV‐2c could also be isolated from cats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand

Charoenkul

Tangwangvivat

Janetanakit

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is an important pathogen causing haemorrhagic enteritis in domestic dogs and wildlife worldwide. In early 2000, canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV‐2c) was first reported and subsequently became a predominant subtype circulating in Europe and the Americas. CPV‐2c has also been reported in Asia, including cases in China, India, Taiwan and Vietnam. However, CPV‐2c has never been reported in Thailand. In this study, we conducted viral enteric disease surveillance in dogs and cats in Thailand during 2016–2018. During 20 months of surveillance, 507 rectal swab samples were collected from dogs (n = 444) and cats (n = 63) with and without clinical signs. The samples were examined for parvovirus by using VP2 gene‐specific PCR for parvovirus. Our results showed that the positivity of canine parvovirus (CPV) was 29.95% and that of feline parvovirus (FPV) was 58.73%. In this study, we characterized 34 parvoviruses by VP2 gene sequencing. Moreover, two Thai‐CPV‐2 (Dog/CU‐24 and Cat/CU‐21) were characterized by whole genome sequencing. The phylogenetic results showed that Thai‐CPV‐2 had the highest nucleotide identities and clustered with Asian‐CPV‐2c but were in separate subclusters from the North American and European CPV‐2c. Similarly, whole genome analyses showed that Thai‐CPVs are closely related to Asian‐CPV‐2c, with unique amino acids at positions 297A, 324I, 370R and 426E. In summary, our results demonstrated the emergence of Asian‐CPV‐2c in dogs and cats in Thailand. Thus, the surveillance of CPV‐2 in domestic dogs and cats should be further conducted on a larger scale to determine the dynamics of predominant variants and their distributions in the country and in the Southeast Asia region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand

Charoenkul

Tangwangvivat

Janetanakit

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…6 Viral and parasitic infections are very common in young puppies and are involved in weanling diarrhea. 5,6,14,[41][42][43] The early detection of such infections would avoid growth retardation and could decrease the development of more severe forms of the disease. Thus, noninvasive markers of digestive health, the concentrations of which might be modified by the presence of enteropathogens, would be of great utility in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Breed Size, Age, Fecal Quality, and Enteropathogen Shedding on Fecal Calprotectin and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations in Puppies During the Weaning Period

Grellet

Heilmann

Polack

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundFecal calprotectin and immunoglobulin A (IgA) are markers of intestinal inflammation and immunity in adult dogs.HypothesisFecal calprotectin and IgA concentrations in puppies are not influenced by fecal moisture in puppies but by enteropathogen shedding.AnimalsThree hundred and twenty‐four puppies.MethodsFecal consistency was assessed by gross examination. Fecal moisture was evaluated before and after lyophilization. Canine parvovirus and coronavirus were detected in feces by qPCR and qRT‐PCR respectively. Giardia intestinalis antigen was quantified by ELISA. The standard McMaster flotation technique was used to detect eggs and oocysts in feces. Fecal calprotectin and IgA concentrations were quantified by in‐house radioimmunoassays.ResultsFor each marker (IgA and calprotectin), a strong positive correlation was observed between concentration in fresh feces and concentration in fecal dry matter. 75.6% of the puppies were found to be infected by at ≥1 of the enteropathogens evaluated. Fecal calprotectin concentration was significantly influenced by age (P = .001), with higher concentrations in younger puppies, but not by viral (P = .863) or parasitic infection (P = .791). Fecal IgA concentration was significantly influenced by enteropathogen shedding (P = .01), with a lower fecal IgA concentration in puppies shedding at ≥1 enteropathogen compared to puppies without any enteropathogen shedding, but not by age.ConclusionsFecal calprotectin and IgA are of no diagnostic value to detect presence of enteropathogens in clinically healthy puppies or puppies with abnormal feces, but could help to better understand the maturation of digestive tract.

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“…Prevalence of these viruses (Rimmelzwaan et al, 1991;Tennant et al, 1993;Bandai et al, 1999;Naylor et al, 2001b;Schulz et al, 2008). Moreover a higher prevalence of CCV and CPV2 was described in young animals under 6 months of age compared to adult dogs (Sakulwira et al, 2003;Gates and Nolan, 2009a,b;Epe et al, 2010). In addition to the wide distribution and contagiosity of these viruses, the methods used for detection of these viruses can also contribute to this high prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of weaning diarrhea in puppies housed in breeding kennels

Grellet

Chastant-Maillard

Robin

et al. 2014

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Diarrhea represents one of the most frequent disorders in dogs. In puppies, degradation of feces quality is associated with a reduced daily weight gain and an increased risk of death. Prevention of diarrhea in puppies requires a global approach encompassing enteropathogens, environment and management practices especially when housed in groups. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of enteropathogens in puppies in breeding kennels and to identify risk factors of diarrhea. Two hundred and sixty six puppies (between 5 and 14 weeks of age) from 29 French breeding kennels were included. For each kennel, data about environment, management of the kennel and puppies' characteristics (age, sex and breed) were collected. For each puppy, fecal consistency and fecal excretion of enteropathogens (viruses and parasites) was evaluated. At least one enteropathogen was identified in 77.1% of puppies and 24.8% of puppies presented abnormal feces. The main risk factor of weaning diarrhea was fecal excretion of canine parvovirus type 2 (odds ratio=5; confidence interval 95%: 1.7-14.7). A targeted sanitary and medical prophylaxis against canine parvovirus type 2 should be implemented to decrease risk of weaning diarrhea.

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Prevalence of canine coronavirus and parvovirus infections in dogs with gastroenteritis in Thailand

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand

Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand

Influence of Breed Size, Age, Fecal Quality, and Enteropathogen Shedding on Fecal Calprotectin and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations in Puppies During the Weaning Period

Risk factors of weaning diarrhea in puppies housed in breeding kennels

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