Prevalence of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis in caries-free and caries-active children in relation to the oral microbiota—a clinical study

Al‐Ahmad, Ali; Auschill, Thorsten Mathias; Dakhel, R.; Wittmer, Annette; Pelz, Klaus; Heumann, Christian; Hellwig, Elmar; Arweiler, Nicole Birgit

doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1696-9

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In a study by Al-Ahmad and colleagues, C. dubliniensis and C. albicans were cultured from saliva and dental plaque samples of healthy children and children with active dentinal caries. They did not find any evidence of C. dubliniensis in CF children but found a statistically significant positive correlation between C. dubliniensis and severe childhood caries (15). Similarly, we detected low abundance/absence in CF samples, and, given that we also detected a steady increase in abundance as caries progressed, C. dubliniensis shows promise as an indicator species of ECC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…As in other oral mycobiome studies (10,18), C. albicans was the most abundant species in the data set and was present in 68 of the 73 samples (93.2%). C. albicans is a commensal yeast in the oral cavity and is a known opportunistic pathogen that causes diseases such as oral candidiasis (15). C. albicans has recently been gaining traction as a possible cariogenic yeast and indicator species for ECC (36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of many studies examining the microbiology of caries has been on bacterial members of the tooth microbiome (6)(7)(8)(9). More recently, studies have highlighted the presence of fungi in the oral cavity and in supragingival plaque of individuals presenting either oral health, caries, or other oral diseases (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

O’Connell

Santos

Springer

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Dental caries is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Bacteria and fungi are both commensals in the oral cavity; however, most research regarding caries has focused on bacterial impacts. The oral fungal mycobiome associated with caries is not well characterized, and its role in disease is unclear. ITS1 amplicon sequencing was used to generate taxonomic profiles from site-specific supragingival plaque samples (n = 82) obtained from 33 children with different caries status. Children were either caries free (CF), caries active with enamel lesions (CAE), or caries active with dentin lesions (CA). Plaque samples were collected from caries-free surfaces (PF) and from enamel (PE) and dentin (PD) lesions. Taxonomic profiles representing the different categorizations (CF-PF, CAE-PF, CAE-PE, CA-PF, CA-PE, and CA-PD) were used to characterize the mycobiome and its change through disease progression. A total of 139 fungal species were identified. Candida albicans was the most abundant species, followed by Candida dubliniensis. We found that severely progressed plaque communities (CA-PD) were significantly different from healthy plaque communities (CF-PF). A total of 32 taxa were differentially abundant across the plaque categories. C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, Nigrospora oryzae, and an unclassified Microdochium sp. were correlated with caries, whereas 12 other taxa were correlated with health. C. dubliniensis increased steadily as caries progressed, suggesting that C. dubliniensis may play an important role in caries pathogenicity. In contrast, four health-associated fungal taxa have the potential to antagonize the cariogen Streptococcus mutans via xylitol production, suggesting a possible fungal mechanism that could contribute to maintenance of dental health. IMPORTANCE Early-childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide and, while preventable, remains a global public health concern. Untreated cavities are painful and expensive and can lead to tooth loss and a lower quality of life. Caries are driven by acid production via microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, resulting in enamel erosion. While caries is a well-studied disease, most research has focused on bacterial impacts, even though fungi are commensal organisms living within the plaque biofilm. There is very little known about how fungi impact caries pathogenicity. The elucidation of fungal taxa involved in caries disease progression is necessary for a more holistic view of the human oral microbiome. Data from this study will improve our understanding of how the fungal community changes as disease progresses and provide insight into the complex etiology of dental caries, which is necessary for the development of treatment plans and preventative measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

O’Connell

Santos

Springer

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Nevertheless, few studies on Candida dubliniensis infection among the pediatric population have been conducted so far 5 , 6 . Al-Ahmad et al 7 . studied C. dubliniensis in caries-free and caries-active healthy children in relation to the oral microbiota and found an association between caries-active children and the presence of C. dubliniensis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients

Livério

Ruiz

Freitas

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.

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“…Furthermore, it begs the question of how many cases of fungal keratitis first begin as multiorganism infections. It is unclear how commonly multiple candidal species coexist in other modes of infection; however, C. dubliniensis and C. albicans have been shown to do so in oral samples taken from children with dental caries [12]. Previously, murine models have shown an inability for C. dubliniensis to cause keratitis as a single organism in immunocompetent mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans Keratitis following a Chemical Injury

Torosian

Mauger

2019

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine

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Prevalence of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis in caries-free and caries-active children in relation to the oral microbiota—a clinical study

Abstract: Microbiological diagnostic-especially of oral Candida species-is an important determinant for identifying etiological factors of dental caries in children.

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients

Combined Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans Keratitis following a Chemical Injury

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