Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients

Livério, H. O.; Ruiz, Luciana da Silva; Freitas, Roseli Santos de; Nishikaku, Angela Satie; Souza, Ana Clara de; Paula, Claudete Rodrigues; Domaneschi, Carina

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946201759014

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Risk factors associated with an increased oral Candida carriage include habitual tobacco smoking, state of chronic hyperglycemia (such as in patients with prediabetes and DM), edentulism, denture‐wearing, and poor oral hygiene status . Moreover, these risk factors have also been shown to increase the risk of peri‐implant diseases .…”

Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri‐implantitis

Alrabiah

Alshagroud

Alsahhaf

et al. 2019

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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Background:There are no studies that have investigated the presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm (OB) of patients with peri-implantitis.Purpose: The aim was to assess the presence of Candida species in the subgingival OB of patients with peri-implantitis.Materials and Methods: Individuals with (group A) and without (group B) peri-implantitis were included. Life style related and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In both groups, peri-implant plaque-index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), and probing-depth (PD) were evaluated and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured on digital bitewing radiographs. In both groups, subgingival OB samples were collected using sterile paper points. Identification of Candida species was performed using ChromAgar medium and colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined. Statistical analysis was performed, and level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results:The mean age of individuals in groups A (n = 43) and B (n = 41) were 52.2 ± 4.4 and 55.1 ± 2.3 years, respectively. All participants were male. In groups A and B, implants were in function for 7.4 ± 1.3 and 6.8 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Scores of peri-implant PI (P < 0.001), BOP (P < 0.001), PD (P < 0.001), and CBL (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in group A than group B. Subgingival Candida was isolated from the OB of 33 (76.7%) patients in group A and 5 (12.2%) individuals in group B. The most common yeast species was Candida albicans, which was isolated from 67.4% to 60% individuals in groups A and B, respectively. The number of subgingival oral yeasts CFU/mL were significantly higher in group A (3147.54 ± 1052.6 CFU/mL) compared with group B (496.68 ± 100.2 CFU/mL; P < 0.01).Conclusion: Candida species (predominantly C. albicans) are present in the subgingival OB of patients with peri-implantitis. Community-based efforts toward routine oral hygiene maintenance are needed to improve oral health and minimize the risks of peri-implant diseases in populations. K E Y W O R D Salveolar bone loss, dental implant, probing depth, yeast Oral Candida species are commensal oral fungi and are often isolated from the oral cavity of healthy patients. 8,9 It has also been reported that the subgingival environment may serve as a haven for various Candida species. 9 In a recent observational cross-sectional study, Matic Petrovic et al. 9 compared the prevalence of Candida species in the subgingival areas with the dorsal surface of tongue. Although the dorsum of the tongue often harbors oral Candida species 8 ; in the study by Matic Petrovic et al. 9 Candida species was present in the subgingival area of nearly 16% individuals and were absent on the tongue.Moreover, besides adherence to teeth and oral mucosal surfaces, yeasts can also adhere to nonbiological surfaces, such as dental materials, for example, titanium implants. 7,10 Results from an experimental study 10 showed Candida albicans biofilm thicker on the body surfaces of the tissue-and bone-level implants compared with other...

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Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri‐implantitis

Alrabiah

Alshagroud

Alsahhaf

et al. 2019

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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“…In the study, six strains produced brownish and rough colonies and developed chlamydoconidia, but only two were identified as C. dubliniensis by PCR. Furthermore, one of the isolates, identified as C. dubliniensis by PCR, did not produce chlamydoconidia on tobacco agar [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although several phenotypic identification systems are designed to differentiate C. dubliniensis from C. albicans, they do not allow identifying Candida africana [4]. e discrimination between these species is relevant for the understanding of their clinical importance and epidemiological role in human infections [5][6][7]. e tobacco agar allows, in most cases, the differentiation between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans; but it is not used in Colombia as a routine medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation ofCandida albicansSpecies Complex by Tobacco Agar Obtained from Different Cigarette Brands Available in Colombia

Morales-López

Yepes

Elles

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Introduction. The Candida albicans complex is formed by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and a biovar of C. albicans named Candida africana. These yeasts are recognized as globally distributed clinical pathogens and share most phenotypic characteristics, which makes their discrimination by conventional methods difficult. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of different brands of cigarettes in the preparation of tobacco agar, for the differentiation of these related yeasts. Methodology. Tobacco agar was prepared using six brands and four varieties of cigarettes, and 125 clinical isolates previously identified by PCR and Maldi-Tof were used. To determine whether the results of the microbiological tests were associated with similarities in the chemical components of cigarettes, thin-layer chromatography was performed. Results. Candida dubliniensis colonies presented hue differences according to the incubation temperature and the brand or variety of cigarette used, except in the tobacco agar produced with Marlboro Xpress cigarette, where its differentiation was not possible. The chromatograms showed few differences among apolar and medium polarity extract components. Conclusions. Tobacco agar is a low-cost tool used for the differentiation of Candida dubliniensis; however, incubation temperature and cigarette brand affect the performance of the media. No relationship was found between the microbiological results and the chemical similarity of the extracts of the cigarettes by chromatography.

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“…Moran et al [5] reported that these two species had about 96% similar gene sequences, and more than 60% are homologous. It leads to difficulties in prompt differentiation among the two species in routine laboratory tests [6] and results that may underestimate their prevalence [7]. C. dubliniensis is reported to develop stable resistance to fluconazole (an antifungal drug) upon exposure in vitro [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome-Wide Characterization of Microsatellites in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Leading to the Development of Species-Specific Marker

Singh

Nath

Venkatesh

2021

Public Health Genomics

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Background: Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are related to genomic structure, function, and certain diseases of taxonomically different organisms. Objective: To characterize microsatellites in two closely related Candida species by searching and comparing 1–6 bp nucleotide motifs and utilizing them to develop species-specific markers. Methods: Whole-genome sequence was downloaded from the public domain, microsatellites were mined and analyzed, and primers were synthesized. Results: A total of 15,821 and 7,868 microsatellites, with mono-nucleotides (8,679) and trinucleotides (3,156) as most frequent microsatellites, were mined in Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans, respectively. Chromosome size was found positively correlated with microsatellite number in both the species, whereas it was negatively correlated with the relative abundance and density of microsatellites. A number of unique motifs were also found in both the species. Overall, microsatellite frequencies of each chromosome in C. dubliniensis were higher than in C. albicans. Conclusion: The features of microsatellite distribution in the two species’ genomes revealed that it is probably not conserved in the genus Candida. Data generated in this article could be used for comparative genome mapping and understanding the distribution of microsatellites and genome structure between these closely related and phenotypically misidentified species and may provide a foundation for the development of a new set of species-specific microsatellite markers. Here, we also report a novel microsatellite-based marker for C. dubliniensis-specific identification.

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Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri‐implantitis

Presence of Candida species in the subgingival oral biofilm of patients with peri‐implantitis

Differentiation ofCandida albicansSpecies Complex by Tobacco Agar Obtained from Different Cigarette Brands Available in Colombia

Comparative Genome-Wide Characterization of Microsatellites in <b><i>Candida albicans</i></b> and <b><i>Candida dubliniensis</i></b> Leading to the Development of Species-Specific Marker

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