Introduction: Enterobacteria are the main group causing infections in humans. The aim of this review is to present the new genera and the taxonomic changes that the Enterobacteriacea family has experienced in recent years. Methodology: a systematic search of papers published in databases from January 2000 to July 2018 was done. Additionally, the bibliographic references of each document were reviewed and each paper citing the article was reviewed in search of clinical cases. Results: Nineteen new genera of Enterobacteria have been described since 2000. The genera Yersinia, Morganella and Erwinia do not belong to the family Enterobacteriacea anymore. Conclusions: for an adequate clinical and epidemiological interpretation, it is advisable to update the libraries of the commercial systems used for the identification of the microorganisms, as well as to train the staff in the taxonomic changes of microorganisms.
* autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondenciaRecibido Abr. 25, 2016; Aceptado Jun. 7, 2016; Versión final Jul. 6, 2016, Publicado Dic. 2016 Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue aumentar polifenoles en el sustrato del fruto de algarrobillo mediante fermentación en estado sólido (FEZ) con Rhizopus sp. (CMPUJ H041). Las condiciones del sustrato fueron 125 °C y 150 kPa durante 20 min y 180 µm. Posteriormente, se establecieron dos muestras (con y sin (NH4)2SO4) de 150 g, aplicando un diseño estadístico completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. A estas muestras se les adicionó la solución nutriente y el inoculo con concentración de esporas 4x10 6 esporas/mL, y luego se procedió a la FES. Los polifenoles fueron determinados colorimétricamente usando el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. El contenido de polifenoles se incrementó durante la FES y los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < 0.05) obteniéndose 7.324 mg EAG/g de peso seco de muestra (sin (NH4)2SO4) y 11.74 mg EAG/g de peso seco (con (NH4)2SO4). La FES incrementó los compuestos polifenólicos del sustrato, lo que es importante para posibles usos en fuentes de consumo. Palabras clave: Samanea saman; polifenol; Rhizopus sp.; fermentación en estado sólidoIncreased Polyphenols in Algarrobillo substrate (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.) through Solid State Fermentation with Rhizopus sp (CMPUJ H041) AbstractThe objective of this study was to increase polyphenols in the fruit of algarrobillo substrate through of the solid state fermentation (SSF) with Rhizopus sp. (CMPUJ H041). Substrate conditions were 125 °C and 150 kPa during 20 min. and 180 µm. Subsequently, two samples of 150 g were drawn (with and without (NH4) 2SO4) and a completely randomized statistical design with three replications was applied. To these samples a nutrient solution and inoculum with spore concentration 4x10 6 spores/mL were added, to then proceed with the SSF. Polyphenols were determined calorimetrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The polyphenol content increased and the results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) obtaining 7.324 mg EAG/g dry weight (without (NH4)2SO4) to 11.74 mg EAG/g dry weight (with (NH4)2SO4). SSF polyphenolic compounds enhanced total substrate, which is important for possible uses in consumption sources.
Introduction. The Candida albicans complex is formed by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and a biovar of C. albicans named Candida africana. These yeasts are recognized as globally distributed clinical pathogens and share most phenotypic characteristics, which makes their discrimination by conventional methods difficult. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of different brands of cigarettes in the preparation of tobacco agar, for the differentiation of these related yeasts. Methodology. Tobacco agar was prepared using six brands and four varieties of cigarettes, and 125 clinical isolates previously identified by PCR and Maldi-Tof were used. To determine whether the results of the microbiological tests were associated with similarities in the chemical components of cigarettes, thin-layer chromatography was performed. Results. Candida dubliniensis colonies presented hue differences according to the incubation temperature and the brand or variety of cigarette used, except in the tobacco agar produced with Marlboro Xpress cigarette, where its differentiation was not possible. The chromatograms showed few differences among apolar and medium polarity extract components. Conclusions. Tobacco agar is a low-cost tool used for the differentiation of Candida dubliniensis; however, incubation temperature and cigarette brand affect the performance of the media. No relationship was found between the microbiological results and the chemical similarity of the extracts of the cigarettes by chromatography.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of worldwide mortality. We report the case of a non-HIV-infected woman with clinical suspicion of pleural tuberculosis and contradictory results between Xpert MTB/RIF and Abbott RealTime MTB assays from pleural fluid specimen. Liquid and solid cultures for tuberculosis were performed with negative results. The patient received treatment, and clinical improvement was observed. Both techniques detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, but they have different targets and limits of detection. Abbott RealTime MTB results correlated well with the clinical findings of the patient.
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