Prevalence of border disease virus in sheep and goats in Mosul, Iraq

Hassan, S. D.

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2020.126758.1372

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Information Concerning age, gender, origin was collected.. For each animal, Blood was collected (with anticoagulants)from each animal and the blood was separated to obtain plasma and stored at -20°C for subsequent tests. (11,12,13). In addition, nasal swab samples were taken from animals showed respiratory signs.…”

Section: Study Animals and Samples Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic study of bovine herpes virus -l Infection in cattle by antigen sandwich ELISA in Mosul city, Iraq

Abdulazeez

Esmaeel

2022

ijhs

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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is worldwide disease affecting both domesticated and wild ruminants However, it has a significant economic impact on animal industry. Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) can infect different organs of an animal. The current work aims to investigate the prevalence of BoHV-l in cattle of Mosul city, Iraq. In this study, 184 animals 6 months – 2 years old, were sampled between October 2020 and March 2022. Plasma and nasal swabs were tested using of Sandwich ELISA test for the detection of BoHV-l antigens. Results indicated that the infection rate of BoHV-l in cows was 12/184 (6.5%). Results show that, there was no significant difference indicated among prevalence of the diseases concerning BoHV-1 in the respiratory, ocular, and reproductive forms, the sample type, whether plasma and nasal swabs, between native and imported breed (P≤0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference in the prevalence of BoHV-1 was detected in males more than in females 12/144 (8.3%), (P≤0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of BoHV-1 10/100 (10%) at 6-8 months of age (P≤0.05).

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Section: Study Animals and Samples Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic study of bovine herpes virus -l Infection in cattle by antigen sandwich ELISA in Mosul city, Iraq

Abdulazeez

Esmaeel

2022

ijhs

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“…High seroprevalence from 30% to 98%, depending on the geographical area, was reported. Indeed, a number of epidemiological reports concern only the seroprevalence of BDV infection in many countries, such as Austria [ 46 ], Chile [ 107 ], Denmark [ 108 ], Iran [ 109 ], Iraq [ 110 ], Ireland [ 111 , 112 ], Israel [ 3 ], the Netherlands [ 84 ], Peru [ 113 , 114 ], Sweden [ 115 ], Switzerland [ 40 , 96 ], the UK [ 116 ], and Mediterranean countries such as Algeria [ 117 ], Morocco [ 118 ], Tunisia [ 119 ], and Turkey [ 19 , 120 ]. Nevertheless, only a few cases were confirmed by virus isolation or molecular characterization.…”

Section: Global Distribution Of Bdv Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus

Righi

Petrini

Pierini

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.

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“…Affected lambs usually die within days. But some lambs may survive and show a nervous sign which disappear gradually within 3-4 months (11,42). Fetal death may occur at any stage of pregnancy, but it is more common in affected fetuses early in pregnancy.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Border Disease Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causative agent of the disease belongs to genus Pestiviruses, and is antigenically related to the BVD virus (9). The affected herds with Border disease usually show high rates of infertility, and production of underweighted-lambs (10,11). Louping ill induces congenital deformities of the CNS in small ruminants that transmitted via ticks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of diagnostic procedures and control of some viral diseases causing abortion and infertility in small ruminants in Egypt

Mahmoud¹,

Ghazy²,

Shaapan³

2021

IJVS

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Sheep and goats represent an essential source of meat, milk and wool production. Infectious viral diseases of small ruminants hinder the expected benefits from these animals. The aim of the present review was to shed light on diagnostic procedures and monitoring of some important infectious viral diseases that affect small ruminants. Border disease (BDV) is caused by Pestiviruses. The affected herds are usually expressed high rates of infertility and production of underweighted-lambs. Affected lambs usually die within days after lambing. A commercial killed whole virus vaccine was produced for BDV. Louping ill (LI) is caused by the Louping ill virus, which is transmitted by Ixods ricinus ticks. The LI virus typically causes fever, anorexia and encephalomyelitis. Death could occur 1-3 days after the beginning of signs. The available Louping ill vaccine is composed of inactivated killed virus. Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) is a tick-born infectious disease caused by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, characterized clinically by fever, abortion hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and high mortality. Inactivated killed oil adjuvant virus vaccines are available for the control of Nairobi sheep disease. Akabane disease (AKAV) is a Culicoides borne viral disease belongs to orthobunyavirus that has a teratogenic effect on the fetus of cattle and small ruminants. A live attenuated virus vaccine and inactivated virus are commonly used. This review concluded that the modern diagnostic tools are urgently needed not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring viral disease control and control programs.

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Prevalence of border disease virus in sheep and goats in Mosul, Iraq

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Diagnostic study of bovine herpes virus -l Infection in cattle by antigen sandwich ELISA in Mosul city, Iraq

Diagnostic study of bovine herpes virus -l Infection in cattle by antigen sandwich ELISA in Mosul city, Iraq

Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus

Review of diagnostic procedures and control of some viral diseases causing abortion and infertility in small ruminants in Egypt

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