Prevalence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in people with mood disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), are some of the most costly and disabling diseases. 1 They are associated with a number of negative outcomes including functional impairment, unemployment, and suicide. 2 In addition, individuals with mood disorders often have comorbid psychiatric disorders. 3 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mood disorders is associated with unfavorable illness course,

Disentangling the Association between ADHD and Alcohol Use Disorder in Individuals Suffering from Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Based on data from 11 observational studies, accounting for 2734 subjects with BD (516 with and 2218 without ADHD, respectively), we estimated an association between AUD and ADHD. Individuals with ADHD - representing about one out of six individuals with BD, consistently with available epidemiological data [ 10 , 11 ] - were more than twice as likely to report AUD as compared to those with BD only. The low heterogeneity across studies, the precision of the effect size, as well as the lack of study-level characteristics influencing the magnitude of the effect, corroborated the robustness of our findings.…”

“…The comorbidity between AUD and BD leads to worse clinical outcomes, possibly characterized by poor response to treatment [ 4 ], mood instability and greater symptom severity [ 5 ], increased suicidality [ 6 ], heightened risk of hospitalization [ 7 , 8 ], and cognitive dysfunctions [ 9 ]. Among different clinical correlates perhaps explaining this comorbidity, a role for ADHD, which is, in turn, a frequent co-occurring condition in BD [ 10 , 11 ], can be hypothesized. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses [ 10 , 11 ] estimated that ADHD might occur in nearly one out of six adults with BD, possibly anticipating its onset by about four years [ 11 ].…”

“…Among different clinical correlates perhaps explaining this comorbidity, a role for ADHD, which is, in turn, a frequent co-occurring condition in BD [ 10 , 11 ], can be hypothesized. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses [ 10 , 11 ] estimated that ADHD might occur in nearly one out of six adults with BD, possibly anticipating its onset by about four years [ 11 ]. It is well known that ADHD itself might be correlated with AUD [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Differentiation and comorbidity of bipolar disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: A clinical and nosological perspective

“…One out of 13 patients with ADHD have BD, and nearly 1 in 6 patients with BD are diagnosed with ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in BD patients differs when comparing distinct age groups: 73% in childhood, 43% in adolescence, and 17% in adulthood ( 3 ). The lifetime prevalence of ADHD is around 6.5%, while that of BD reaches 1–2% ( 9 , 15 , 16 ).…”

Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study

“…It could be argued that functional and clinical outcomes associated with the condition compared to unaffected individuals are too coincidental with established risk factors for dementia to be unrelated (8). Those include lower educational level (9) and increased prevalence of traumatic brain injury (10), obesity (11), smoking (12), alcohol-related disorders (13), depression (14), social isolation due to peer rejection (15) and physical inactivity (16). In addition, extensive data have indicated the contribution of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation to the pathophysiology of both ADHD and Alzheimer's Disease (17)(18)(19)(20).…”