Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study

Mendonça, Felippe José Pontes de; Sudo, Felipe Kenji; Santiago-Bravo, Gustavo; Oliveira, Natália; Assunção, Naima; Rodrigues, Fernanda; Soares, Rejane; Calil, Victor; Bernardes, Gabriel; Erthal, Pilar; Drummond, Cláudia; Tovar‐Moll, Fernanda; Mattos, Paulo

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737357

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, some limitations should be taken into account—namely the significant age differences between ADHD and MCI (mean age was 64 and 73.7, respectively), as well as sex differences with a greater proportion of females in the MCI group (72.4% in comparison with 52.5% in the ADHD group), which might play a role in the current findings. Mendonca et al (2021) reported in a cross-sectional study of older patients with ADHD ( n = 26), MCI ( n = 40) and controls ( n = 41), that ADHD individuals have poorer performance than controls in episodic memory and executive function. These findings were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains, which, for clinicians, may result in misdiagnosis ( Mendonca et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Attention-deficit Hyperactivity...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Mendonca et al (2021) reported in a cross-sectional study of older patients with ADHD ( n = 26), MCI ( n = 40) and controls ( n = 41), that ADHD individuals have poorer performance than controls in episodic memory and executive function. These findings were comparable between MCI and ADHD for all domains, which, for clinicians, may result in misdiagnosis ( Mendonca et al, 2021 ). Then again, the study by Leffa et al (2022) in which 212 cognitively healthy controls were followed up for 6 years, including baseline and longitudinal AD biomarkers assessment (e.g., amyloid-β PET, MRI, cognitive assessments etc.…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Attention-deficit Hyperactivity...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease—Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis

et al. 2023

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with the majority of patients classified as sporadic AD (sAD), in which etiopathogenesis remains unresolved. Though sAD is argued to be a polygenic disorder, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, was found three decades ago to pose the strongest genetic risk for sAD. Currently, the only clinically approved disease-modifying drugs for AD are aducanumab (Aduhelm) and lecanemab (Leqembi). All other AD treatment options are purely symptomatic with modest benefits. Similarly, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is one of the most common neurodevelopmental mental disorders in children and adolescents, acknowledged to persist in adulthood in over 60% of the patients. Moreover, for ADHD whose etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, a large proportion of patients respond well to treatment (first-line psychostimulants, e.g., methylphenidate/MPH), however, no disease-modifying therapy exists. Interestingly, cognitive impairments, executive, and memory deficits seem to be common in ADHD, but also in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, including sAD. Therefore, one of many hypotheses is that ADHD and sAD might have similar origins or that they intercalate with one another, as shown recently that ADHD may be considered a risk factor for sAD. Intriguingly, several overlaps have been shown between the two disorders, e.g., inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, glucose and insulin pathways, wingless-INT/mammalian target of rapamycin (Wnt/mTOR) signaling, and altered lipid metabolism. Indeed, Wnt/mTOR activities were found to be modified by MPH in several ADHD studies. Wnt/mTOR was also found to play a role in sAD and in animal models of the disorder. Moreover, MPH treatment in the MCI phase was shown to be successful for apathy including some improvement in cognition, according to a recent meta-analysis. In several AD animal models, ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes have been observed indicating a possible interconnection between ADHD and AD. In this concept paper, we will discuss the various evidence in human and animal models supporting the hypothesis in which ADHD might increase the risk for sAD, with common involvement of the Wnt/mTOR-pathway leading to lifespan alteration at the neuronal levels.

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Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Attention-deficit Hyperactivity...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Attention-deficit Hyperactivity...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease—Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis

et al. 2023

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“…In a cross‐sectional study involving 107 participants (41 controls, 40 MCI diagnoses and 26 ADHD diagnoses), participants with ADHD showed poorer performances than controls in episodic memory and executive function with large effect sizes 11 …”

Section: Adhd and Dementia: Similarities And Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between ADHD and dementia

Beehuspoteea

Badrakalimuthu

2023

Prog Neurol Psychiatry

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, while dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder, both presenting with cognitive deficits and/or behavioural disturbances. Here, the authors review the evidence on similarities and differences between ADHD and dementia in terms of cognitive impairment, risk factors, genetics, neuroanatomy and neurochemical studies in the older adult population. This demonstrates a need for clinicians in memory services to be knowledgeable about ADHD in adults as the two diagnoses can be clinically differentiated by taking a careful history of symptom onset and progression.

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“…A recent investigation using the Swedish Medical Registry suggested a strong and significant association between ADHD in adulthood and later dementia (Du Rietz et al., 2021). It may be particularly important to understand the clinical implications of the relationship between these two conditions, especially considering their phenotypic and neuropsychological overlap (Mendonca et al., 2021).…”

Section: Charting the Developmental Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science – from characterization to cause

Sonuga‐Barke

Becker

Bölte

et al. 2022

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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The science of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal – the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains – clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro‐biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co‐occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD – including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross‐cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.

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Mild Cognitive Impairment or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Older Adults? A Cross Sectional Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease—Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis

From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease—Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis

Exploring the relationship between ADHD and dementia

Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science – from characterization to cause

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