Prevalence of asymptomatic syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels

Parker, John E.; Knowler, Susan P.; Rusbridge, Clare; Noorman, E.; Jeffery, Nick D.

doi:10.1136/vr.d1726

Cited by 83 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Lastly, we recognize that hyperesthesia could have been caused by coat clipping before thermal testing in some dogs, potentially increasing variability in thermal latencies. Although this lack of association is contrary to previous studies demonstrating a strong relationship between SM and pain,1, 11, 36, 37 there have been reports of asymptomatic CKCS with SM and CKCS displaying classical clinical signs without SM 8, 20, 38, 39. In our study, we had 7 symptomatic dogs without SM and 8 asymptomatic dogs with SM.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Investigation of sensory thresholds in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and without Chiari‐like malformations and syringomyelia

Sparks

Gorney

Williams

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundCavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) suffer pain associated with Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia (CMSM). People suffer from a similar condition and describe numerous sensory abnormalities. Sensory changes have not been quantified in affected CKCS.ObjectivesTo use quantitative sensory testing (QST) to quantify thermal and mechanical thresholds in CKCS and to compare QST in dogs with and without syringomyelia (SM).AnimalsForty‐four CKCS.MethodsProspective study. Dogs underwent neurological examinations and craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thermal testing was performed over the humerus and thorax (n = 32); mechanical testing was performed on the paw and neck (n = 44). Latencies, thresholds, and response rates were compared with presence and severity of SM on MRI, presence of pain reported by the owner and pain identified on examination.ResultsThirty dogs had SM, 30 were painful on examination, 29 were owner‐reported symptomatic. Thermal and mechanical variables were not significantly different based on presence or severity of SM. Dogs with pain on examination had decreased mechanical thresholds on the paw (0.38 kg, SD = 0.18) and neck (2.05 kg, SD = 0.74) compared to thresholds of dogs without pain on examination on the paw (0.60 kg, SD = 0.30) and neck (2.72 kg, SD = 0.57; P = .021).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMechanical and thermal sensitivity does not appear to be related to the presence of SM, but mechanical sensitivity appears to be related to the presence of pain and clinical signs. Mechanical testing may be useful for assessing sensory abnormalities during clinical trials.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Investigation of sensory thresholds in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and without Chiari‐like malformations and syringomyelia

Sparks

Gorney

Williams

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…By 3 years of age the majority of dogs predisposed to syringomyelia will have MRI evidence of it and only a small percentage of predisposed dogs that are MRI clear of syringomyelia at 3 years of age develop MRI signs later. In these older dogs the MRI changes are typically mild for example a central canal dilatation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia in the Griffon Bruxellois Dog

Knowler¹,

McFadyen²,

Freeman

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to develop a system of quantitative analysis of canine Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia on variable quality MRI. We made a series of measurements from magnetic resonance DICOM images from Griffon Bruxellois dogs with and without Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia and identified several significant variables. We found that in the Griffon Bruxellois dog, Chiari-like malformation is characterized by an apparent shortening of the entire cranial base and possibly by increased proximity of the atlas to the occiput. As a compensatory change, there appears to be an increased height of the rostral cranial cavity with lengthening of the dorsal cranial vault and considerable reorganization of the brain parenchyma including ventral deviation of the olfactory bulbs and rostral invagination of the cerebellum under the occipital lobes.

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“…In human medicine, most of the investigations concerning SM have been carried out on T1WSE images 20, 21. Veterinary studies have used T2WSE images13, 22 and T1WSE images8, 14, 23 to evaluate SM. T1‐weighted spin echo images were used for the measurements in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syringomyelia has been considered as a rare disease in veterinary medicine, but is more and more recognized in animals because of the increased availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the increased prevalence in certain breeds such as Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS),4 Griffon Bruxellois5, and other small or ‘toy’ breeds 6. One of the most common causes in dogs is Chiari‐like malformation in CKCS 1, 7, 8. In this disorder there is a mismatch between the caudal cranial fossa volume and brain parenchyma which leads to cerebellar herniation, medullary kinking, obstruction of the dorsal craniocervical subarachnoid space, and alteration of the cerebrospinal fluid flow 7.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multislice Computed Tomography for the Detection of Cervical Syringomyelia in Dogs

Kromhout

Bree

Broeckx

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSyringomyelia (SM) is defined as the presence of fluid‐containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images have been described as the preferred technique for visualizing SM in dogs and humans.ObjectiveTo investigate whether computed tomography (CT) can be used to diagnose SM.AnimalsThirty‐two client‐owned dogs referred for investigation of the cervical spine on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT.MethodsTwo reviewers retrospectively analyzed sagittal and transverse T1‐weighted spin echo (T1WSE) MR images and CT images from each dog for the presence of SM and, if SM was present, the width (mm, syrinx width [SW]) was measured. The results were analyzed statistically.ResultsFor the presence of SM there was a moderate interobserver agreement for MR (81%, κ = 0.54) and almost perfect agreement for CT (94%, κ = 0.87). There was a moderate intramodality agreement for both observers (observer 1 81%, κ = 0.59; observer 2 81%, κ = 0.57). For measurement of SW the repeatability was the best on the midsagittal T1WSE images (95% repeatability coefficient <0.52 mm) and the reproducibility was the best on midsagittal images in both modalities (95% limits of agreement −0.55–0.45; P = 0.002).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBoth techniques can be used to detect SM. Midsagittal MR and CT images are best used for measuring SW. Computed tomography can be used as a diagnostic tool for SM when MRI is not available, but CT cannot replace MRI as the standard screening technique for the detection of SM in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel for breeding purposes.

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Prevalence of asymptomatic syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels

Cited by 83 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of sensory thresholds in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and without Chiari‐like malformations and syringomyelia

Investigation of sensory thresholds in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and without Chiari‐like malformations and syringomyelia

Quantitative Analysis of Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia in the Griffon Bruxellois Dog

Low‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multislice Computed Tomography for the Detection of Cervical Syringomyelia in Dogs

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