Prevalence of Asymptomatic Genital Infection among Pregnant Women in Benin City, Nigeria

Akerele, John O.; Abhulimen, Philip; Okonofua, Friday

doi:10.2307/3583261

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Though, this study had lower prevalence rate than the 86.6% reported literature in Benin City, Nigeria and 78.7% reported by Amadi ES et al, the AUTI prevalence rate in this area of Nepal not said to be low. 20,21 There is usually higher prevalence rate of UTI in developing countries than that of the developed countries as observed by Kolawole AS et al 22 They also explained the reason for this could probably due to poor housing, ventilation, sanitation and drainage systems. Moreover, they also added that it could be pronounced due to lack of proper personal and environmental hygiene, population susceptibility and other factors like low socio-economic status and sexual intercourse among pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy attending at tertiary care of Nepal

Yadav

2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy issued by improper laboratory investigations situate women at risk of several detrimental complications. Untreated asymptomatic UTI (AUTI) may lead to pyelonephritis preterm birth, low birth weight, etc. Urine culture is used to confirm the diagnosis of UTI. Aim of this research was to carry out to find the prevalence of asymptomatic UTI and to establish antimicrobial drug susceptibility of the pathogens resulting asymptomatic UTI in pregnant women attending at tertiary care, Nepal.Methods: The urine samples were collected by mid-stream clean catch method from 600 pregnant women of age 15-45 years (mean age – 28.84 years) visiting for antenatal check up in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chitwan Medical College (CMC), a tertiary care of Nepal. All the urine samples were subjected to bio-physical, biochemical, microscopic, and microbiological analysis. The prevalence of UTI in three trimesters and in different age groups was obtained together with antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests.Results: On overall l51.83% of urine samples revealed with significant bacteriuria considered as the AUTI. On One- way ANOVA test, there was significant (P< 0.045) prevalence of AUTI when compared among different trimesters, though higher prevalence being in the first (40%) and second (45.33%) trimesters. The prevalence of AUTI was significant (P<0.004) among different age groups of the pregnancy. However, the most affectecd age groups were between 21-29 years. Escherichia coli were the most implicated organism (67.8%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (21.6%). The gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumonia, and K. oxytoca) were more sensitive against Amikacin, Gentamycin, Meropenem, and Nitrofurantointhan. Other drugs whereas; gram positive bacteria (E. feacalis) had high susceptibility with Vancomycin.Conclusions: There was high incidence of AUTI among the pregnant ladies in the study region; therefore, microbial screening of urine of all pregnant women are must and should be included in the routine antenatal checkups to detect the AUTI to cut down and prevent the maternal and obstetric detrimental complications in them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy attending at tertiary care of Nepal

Yadav

2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…Group D enterococci and non-enterococci are part of the genital tract, but are a common cause of urinary tract infections, subacute bacterial endocarditis, abdominal abscesses, and wound infections 73,74 . The predominance of asymptomatic genital tract infection in pregnant women has been reported in the literature 75 , with enterococci causing life threatening infections in preterm infants and other immuno-compromised patients 73 . The enterococcal species which are considered to be significant pathogens for humans are E. faecalis and E. faecium.…”

Section: Enterococcus Faecalismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Kaambo

Africa

2017

Afr J Reprod Health

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Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is an endogenous opportunistic infection brought about by the disruption of the normal vaginal microbiota. Its early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy may reduce the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this review was to report on the aerobic bacteria most prevalent in AV and to provide evidence of the threat of untreated AV on pregnancy outcomes. More than 300 papers on preterm delivery were extracted from several research domains and filtered to include only AV-associated bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Group B streptococci and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Due to the diverse sample groups, study techniques and outcomes, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The review revealed that the association of AV with adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been as widely researched as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and needs further investigation. Furthermore, the frequent misdiagnosis of AV coupled with the emerging antimicrobial resistance associated with bacteria implicated in AV and neonatal nosocomial infections pose a problem for prophylaxis and treatment to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118). Keywords: Aerobic vaginitis; pregnancy risks; antimicrobial resistance RésuméLa vaginite aérobie (VA) est une infection opportuniste endogène provoquée par la perturbation du microbiota vaginal normal. Son diagnostic précoce et son traitement pendant la grossesse peuvent réduire le risque de résultats négatifs de grossesse. L'objectif de cette revue était de faire un rapport sur les bactéries aérobies les plus répandues en VA et de prouver la menace de la VA non traitée sur les résultats de la grossesse. Plus de 300 articles sur l'accouchement prématuré ont été tirés de plusieurs domaines de recherche et filtrés pour inclure uniquement des bactéries associées à la VA telles que Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli et streptocoques du groupe B et leur association avec des résultats de grossesse indésirables. En raison des divers groupes d'échantillons, des techniques d'étude et des résultats, une méta-analyse n'a pas été menée. L'examen a révélé que l'association de la VA avec les résultats de grossesse défavorisés n'a pas été aussi largement étudiée que la vaginose bactérienne (VB) et doit faire l'objet d'une enquête plus approfondie. En outre, le diagnostic erroné de la VA y compris la résistance antimicrobienne émergente associée à une bactérie impliquée dans les infections à vent et nonnéomatologiques constitue un problème pour la prophylaxie et le traitement afin de réduire le risque de morbidité et de mortalité maternelle et néonatale. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118).

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“…22 Reports have also suggested a higher rate of prevalence up to 86.6% in the Southern part of Nigeria. 23 It is understood from the above findings that the rate of occurrence of UTI in Nigeria has drastically increased over a period of 8years. Additional reports have illustrated the occurrence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant and non-pregnant women ranging from 5 to 9%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

Ramachandran¹

2014

JMEN

134

132

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IntroductionUrinary tract infection is a common contagion among men and women but the incidence is quite high among women due to their physiology. In simple terms, it can be referred as a condition which women will certainly encounter during the span of their life time and the prevalence is higher among women during pregnancy. As the name indicates, the infected parts involve the urinary tract comprising of the upper and lower urinary tract. The infection is named after the part that gets infected and is referred to as cystitis (bladder infection) and phylonephritis (kidney infection). The symptoms associated with the bladder and kidney infections are contrasting which includes painful and frequent urination in case of cystitis as a result of bladder infection whereas conditions like high fever and flank pain are commonly experienced in case of kidney contagion which is referred to as phylonephritis. This prevalence of the infection among children and elderly people is not clearly understood and is currently under study. Bacteria are the prime perpetrator responsible for conferring the infection among humans but the role of certain fungi and viruses cannot be over looked. However, the incidence of UTI as a result of viral or fungal infection is considered to be rare phenomena. Though the infection seems to be harmless in the initial stages, the patient shows a variety of symptoms as the stage progresses and can lead to death in severe circumstances. Research studies have defined urinary tract infection as the most common form of bacterial infection.1,2 Urinary tract infection can be a consequence of poor diagnosis and is regarded as the common hospital acquired infection. 3,4 The infection encompasses a diverse group of clinical syndromes and diseases that differ in epidemiology, etiology, location severity of the condition. 5 In addition to the above factors, it also vary in expressed local symptoms, frequency of recurrence, extent of damage caused, presence of complicating factors and the risk from their reiterate incidence. 6 The occurrence of bladder infection is usually followed by kidney infection and results in blood borne infection and in severe circumstances can lead to dire consequences including death. Therefore, UTI is capable of claiming lives under severe circumstances and proper treatment results in quick recovery from the contagion. The onset of the infection is in the 6 th week of pregnancy through 24 th week. 7 Although the prevalence of bacteriuria during pregnancy is similar to that in non pregnant women, pregnancy enhances the possibility of infection among women. 8,9 The occurrence of the infection is at its peak during pregnancy which in turn relies on several other factors. Though the higher incidence of UTI during pregnancy cannot be accepted as a universal fact as the concept is under the verge of research and several researchers are attempting to figure out the significance of pregnancy in relation to urinary tract infection. The concept of the predominance of UTI among women during pr...

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Prevalence of Asymptomatic Genital Infection among Pregnant Women in Benin City, Nigeria

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy attending at tertiary care of Nepal

Asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy attending at tertiary care of Nepal

The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

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