Prevalence of Astigmatism among Students in Northern                     Greece

Mandalos, Achilleas; Peios, D K; Mavrakanas, Thomas; Golias, Vasilios; Megalou, K G; Delidou, K.; Gregoriadou, A C; Katsougiannopoulos, B C

doi:10.1177/112067210201200101

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…7 Previous studies have reported that the risk of developing astigmatism doubles in first-degree relatives of individuals with astigmatism. [8][9][10] Family and twin studies have determined a broad sense heritability of approximately 60%, 2,11,12 which suggests a significant genetic contribution to astigmatism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Candidate Gene for Astigmatism

Lopes

Hysi

Verhoeven

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Astigmatism is a common refractive error that reduces vision, where the curvature and refractive power of the cornea in one meridian are less than those of the perpendicular axis. It is a complex trait likely to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Twin studies of astigmatism have found approximately 60% of phenotypic variance is explained by genetic factors. This study aimed to identify susceptibility loci for astigmatism. METHODS.We performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies that included 22,100 individuals of European descent, where astigmatism was defined as the number of diopters of cylinder prescription, using fixed effect inverse variance-weighted methods. RESULTS.A susceptibility locus was identified with lead single nucleotide polymorphism rs3771395 on chromosome 2p13.3 (meta-analysis, P ¼ 1.97 3 10 À7 ) in the VAX2 gene. VAX2 plays an important role in the development of the dorsoventral axis of the eye. Animal studies have shown a gradient in astigmatism along the vertical plane, with corresponding changes in refraction, particularly in the ventral field.CONCLUSIONS. This finding advances the understanding of refractive error, and provides new potential pathways to be evaluated with regard to the development of astigmatism. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1260-1267) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10463 A stigmatism is a common refractive error that reduces vision, where the curvature and refractive power of the cornea in one meridian are less than those of the perpendicular axis. There are two components of astigmatism that can be independently measured, refractive astigmatism (also called noncorneal astigmatism) and corneal astigmatism; this study deals with refractive astigmatism. Astigmatism is an important clinical problem because it is common; prevalence ranges between 20% and 29.3% among adults in Europe and 36.2% among subjects 20 years old and older in the United States, [1][2][3] From the

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Candidate Gene for Astigmatism

Lopes

Hysi

Verhoeven

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The prevalence of ametropias of 71% for hyperopia, 13.3% for myopia and 34% for astigmatism corroborates the national literature, but disagrees with international publications, mainly from the Orient, where myopia is always considered to be the most common refractive error in students (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . Some studies cite severe myopia with a prevalence of 24 to 41%, disagreeing with this study, in which it is approximately 2% (5) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Few data concerning astigmatism axis were found, as well as in respect to association between both axes. A majority comment on the type of astigmatism (whether myopic, hyperopic or mixed) (4,(11)(12)17) . What can be observed is that the great majority (77.5%) is in the group in with-the-rule, corroborating results by Alves (2,18) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What can be observed is that the great majority (77.5%) is in the group in with-the-rule, corroborating results by Alves (2,18) . Variable frequency of astigmatism is encountered in the literature, possibly due to the manner of classification, on average 40% (11)(12) . In this sample, it was possible to evaluate the concordance of the axes of the eyes and to conclude that the student who presented astigmatism with axis in withthe-rule in one eye, 95.2%, also presented it in the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of refractive errors in students in Northeastern Brazil

Garcia

Oréfice

Nobre

et al. 2005

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…2 Another study on astigmatism among 1738 Greek students (aged 15-18 years) reported prevalence rates of 10.2 percent. 9 This study benefited from the fact that there was a high participation rate (97.3%) although the overall sample size was…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors Among Medical Students

Sijapati

Basnet

2018

Nep. Med. J.

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Introduction:Refractive errors are becoming a problem in many societies, with prevalence rates of myopia in many Asian urban countries reaching epidemic proportions. This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of various refractive errors among medical students of Kist Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Materials and Methods:Medical students were included in the study. Demographic data was obtained via questionnaires filled in by the students after taking informed verbal consent. Refractive error measurements were determined by dry retinoscopy and additional cycloplegic refraction as and when needed. Results:The prevalence rate of simple myopia was 64.81% and 3.7% had high myopia. Hyperopia (Hypermetropia) was present in 1.8% of the participants while overall astigmatism prevalence rate was 29.6% among medical students. Conclusion: Prevalence rates of myopia in medical students are found to be quite high. Conclusions:Prevalence rates of myopia in medical students are found to be quite high.

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Prevalence of Astigmatism among Students in Northern Greece

Abstract: There is considerable variability in the prevalence of astigmatism worldwide, as indicated by different studies. However, this refractive error prevails at low levels in the Greek student population, compared with other countries.

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Identification of a Candidate Gene for Astigmatism

Identification of a Candidate Gene for Astigmatism

Prevalence of refractive errors in students in Northeastern Brazil

Refractive Errors Among Medical Students

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