Prevalence of Anti-Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in French Blood Donors

Boutrouille, Annie; Bakkali‐Kassimi, Labib; Crucière, Catherine; Pavio, Nicole

doi:10.1128/jcm.00235-07

Cited by 111 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the virus can also infect a considerable proportion of the human population, but only a minority appear to develop symptoms [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The key to understanding HEV transmission in Europe may lie in determining how the virus that circulates among pigs is transmitted to humans in sufficiently high doses to cause infection or overt disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

2009

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SUMMARYIncreasing numbers of non-travel-associated hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have been reported in Europe in recent years. Our objective was to review the evidence on risk factors and transmission routes of autochthonous HEV infection and hepatitis E in Europe in order to develop recommendations for future research, prevention and control. A systematic literature review was performed to identify all primary reports and studies published during 1998-2008 on hepatitis E in humans and animals in Europe by searching Pubmed, reference lists of major articles and international conference proceedings. Each of the 106 included studies was categorized into one of three evidence levels (EL) based on study design and diagnostic methodology. The evidence was generally weak (73 were assigned to EL1, two to both EL1 and EL2, and 30 to EL2), further compounded by the use of poorly validated serological assays in some studies. Only one casecontrol study was assigned to EL3. Persons with autochthonous hepatitis E infection were on average older than the general population and predominantly male. There was no evidence for one main transmission route of HEV infection or risk factor for hepatitis E. However, zoonotic transmission seemed likely and person-to-person transmission too inefficient to cause clinical disease. Multiple routes of transmission probably exist and should be further investigated through analytical studies and reliable diagnostic kits. Based on current evidence that points to zoonotic transmission from pigs, thorough cooking of all porcine products, prevention of crosscontamination in the kitchen and improved education for occupationally exposed people (e.g. pig farmers, veterinarians and sewage workers) may help prevent HEV infection. Although evidence for parenteral transmission is limited, it is recommended that a risk assessment is undertaken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, unexpectedly high anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence among the general population has been reported from some industrialized countries, although the rates varied considerably between reports, ranging from 2 . 3 to 33 % [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

2009

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“…We used a simple asymptotic formula based on the normal approximation to the binomial. A sample size of 10,000 donors has produced a 95% confidence interval equal to the sample proportion plus or minus 0.0035 when the estimated background anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence was set at a low value (3.5% based on a study in Pays de Loire (12) ). This sample size is associated with an alpha value of 5% and a power >90%.…”

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nationwide survey of hepatitis E viral infection in French blood donors

et al. 2016

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Most cases of hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection in developed countries are autochthonous. Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the geographical area and the performance of the immunoassay used. We used validated assays to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM among 10,569 French blood donors living in mainland France and three overseas areas. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geographical area (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-HEV IgG was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and eating pork meat (P 5 0.03), pork liver sausages (P < 0.001), game meat (P < 0.01), offal (P < 0.001), and oysters (P 5 0.02). Conversely, drinking bottled water was associated with a lower rate of anti-HEV IgG (P 5 0.02). Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%). The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was higher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in those eating pork liver sausage (1.4% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01), pât e (1% versus 0.4, P 5 0.04), and wild boar (1.3% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: HEV is endemic in France and hyperendemic in some areas; eating habits alone cannot totally explain the exposure to HEV, and contaminated water could contribute to the epidemiology of HEV infection in France. (HEPATOLOGY 2016;63:1145-1154 H epatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus that is a member of the Hepeviridae family.(1) Four major genotypes of human HEV are recognized. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 have been found only in humans and are prevalent in developing countries. They are responsible for both sporadic cases and large outbreaks linked to drinking contaminated water. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are anthropozoonotic and prevalent in developed countries. These HEV genotypes have been detected in a wide range of domestic and wild animals, which are believed to play a major role in the human epidemiology of the virus. (2) HEV genotypes 1 and 2 mainly affect young adults, mostly men, aged 15-30. Almost half of all cases become jaundiced, and pregnant women during the third trimester and patients with underlying chronic liver disease are most at risk of a severe form of hepatitis E.(3) HEV genotypes 3 and 4 mainly affect older men. Most infections are asymptomatic, but patients suffering from chronic liver disease are at risk of developing acute liver failure.(3) Immunosuppressed individuals infected with genotype 3 or 4 may develop a chronic infection that can rapidly progress to cirrhosis. (4) Autochthonous infections are frequently reported in developed countries, particularly in western Europe. (5) The virus can be transmitted by contaminated food, (3) mainly undercooked pig meat, (6) although other modes of contamination have been described. They are often occupational, such as direct exposure to animals or to slaughterhouse meat. The risk of HEV transmission through blood pro...

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“…L'origine des contaminations dans les pays industrialisés reste à préciser. En France, la prévalence des anticorps anti-HEV chez les donneurs de sang est variable selon les régions : 3,2 % pour la région parisienne et l'ouest de la France [6], mais 16,6 % pour la région toulousaine où des cas autochtones sont fréquemment rapportés [7]. L'ingestion d'eau contaminée par HEV est possible.…”

Section: Le Virus De L'hépatite E (Hev) Et Sa Variabilité Génétiqueunclassified

“…Comme Celsr1 et Celsr2, Celsr3 est une cadhérine à sept segments transmembranaires, exprimée durant le développement du cerveau par les neurones post-mitotiques. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle de Celsr3 dans le déve-loppement de la CI, nous avons développé un allèle conditionnel qui nous a permis d'inactiver le gène spécifiquement dans différents territoires du cerveau, par croisement avec des souris qui expriment la recombinase Cre dans le cerveau anté-rieur (Cre sous le contrôle de foxg1) [5], dans le cortex (Emx1) [6] et dans divers secteurs du télencéphale ventral sous tuellement l'élimination des hépatocytes infectés. En conséquence, une modulation de l'immunosuppression pourrait faciliter l'élimination du virus.…”

Section: Rôle De La Cadhérine Celsr3 Dans La Connectivité Du Cortex Cunclassified

Hépatite E

Izopet

Kamar

2008

Med Sci (Paris)

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Prevalence of Anti-Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in French Blood Donors

Cited by 111 publications

References 10 publications

Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

Transmission routes and risk factors for autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: a systematic review

A nationwide survey of hepatitis E viral infection in French blood donors

Hépatite E

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