Prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background: A number of epidemiological studies were performed to know the prevalence of and the risk factors for hypertension. However, these studies reported inconsistent results. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis were planned to generate representative data on the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among the Ethiopian adult population.

Epidemiology of hypertension among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…This study also found the prevalence of hypertension in 25.7% of men and 18.8% of women. The overall result is almost similar to the recent studies ( Hasan et al, 2018 , Mosisa et al, 2021 , Tesfa and Demeke, 2021 , Tiruneh et al, 2020 ). However, it is lower as compared to global and sub-Saharan regional prevalence ( Mills et al, 2020 , NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2017 ).…”

“…A total of 600 eligible adults 18–64 years of age were enrolled in the baseline survey at the selected households. The required sample was determined using Cochran's single population proportion formula ( Cochran, 1977 ) by assuming: a 20.6% expected prevalence of hypertension ( Tesfa and Demeke, 2021 ), 95% confidence level, 4% margin of error, and design effect (DEFF) of 1.5. DEFF of 1.5 was determined using the standard DEFF = 1 + δ (n – 1) formula taking cluster size (n) of 20 and intra-cluster correlation of (δ) of 2%.…”

“…Similar to other LMICs, Ethiopia is also undergoing an epidemiological transition shifting the causes of mortality from infectious diseases to NCDs. In particular, hypertension incidence is increasing at an unprecedented rate ( Mills et al, 2020 , Tesfa and Demeke, 2021 ). The fragile health system that is already been overstretched by communicable diseases, is unlikely to withstand the increasing burden of NCDs if timely prevention measures are not taken.…”

“…The fragile health system that is already been overstretched by communicable diseases, is unlikely to withstand the increasing burden of NCDs if timely prevention measures are not taken. A systematic meta -analysis and observational studies including a STEPS survey conducted in Ethiopia, estimated the prevalence of hypertension in Addis Ababa to be between 15% and 30% ( Asemu et al, 2021 , Ethiopian Public Health Institute, 2016 , Kibret and Mesfin, 2015 , Tesfa and Demeke, 2021 , Tesfaye et al, 2009 , Tiruneh et al, 2020 ). Although studies indicated hypertension as an epidemy in urban areas, surveillance systems on its epidemiology and related risk factors have not been established.…”

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the distribution, prevalence and its associated factors among police officers and security agents

“…2 Study had shown that the prevalence was relatively high. 10 A study also reported that abdominal obesity is a risk factor for HTN among police officers however, a Nigerian study reported otherwise, that there was no relationship between obesity and HTN among police officers but attributed it to stress related to their job and positive family history. 11 Age is also a risk factor among police officers as the prevalence of HTN was reported to be higher among older senior police officers compared to younger junior police officers.…”