Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Young Adults (20–39 Years Old)

Kim, Nam Hee; Jung, Yoon Suk; Yang, Hyo‐Joon; Park, Soo-Kyung; Park, Jung Ho; Park, Dong Il; Sohn, Chong Il

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.011

Cited by 57 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is a recently increased incidence of obesity in the USA, especially among young patients, and, being a well‐known risk factor for CRC, this may have played a role in reducing the age of CRC onset (Aleksandrova et al ., ; Bailey et al ., ; Bassett et al ., ; Hedley et al ., ). The net contribution of these factors cannot be assessed (Bailey et al ., ; Kim et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early‐onset colorectal cancer in young individuals

et al. 2018

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Treatment of young adults with colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an unmet clinical need, especially as diagnosis in this population might lead to the greatest loss of years of life. Since 1994, CRC incidence in individuals younger than 50 years has been increasing by 2% per year. The surge in CRC incidence in young adults is particularly alarming as the overall CRC frequency has been decreasing. Early‐onset CRC are characterized by a more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer cell differentiation, higher prevalence of signet ring cell histology, and left colon‐sided location of the primary tumor. Among EO‐CRC, approximately 30% of patients are affected by tumors harboring mutations causing hereditary cancer predisposing syndromes, and 20% have familial CRC. Most notably, the remaining 50% of EO‐CRC patients have neither hereditary syndromes nor familial CRC, thus representing a formidable challenge for research. In this review article we summarize epidemiology, clinical and molecular features, heredity and outcome of treatments of EO‐CRC, and provide considerations for future perspectives.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early‐onset colorectal cancer in young individuals

et al. 2018

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“…When examining the association between elevated blood glucose and any yCRAC diagnosis or an advanced yCRAC diagnosis, the pooled OR for elevated blood glucose and any yCRAC diagnosis was 1.69 (95% CI 1.27-2.25) and the pooled OR for elevated blood glucose and advanced yCRAC diagnosis was 1.60 (95% CI 1.30-1.96).All studies 19,24,26 defined an elevated blood glucose level as a fasting blood glucose level at or above 100 mg/dL. Three studies evaluated elevated blood pressure and its association with any yCRAC diagnosis 22,24,26 and 3 studies evaluated the association between elevated blood pressure and an advanced yCRAC diagnosis. 21,22,26 Authors also used variable criteria for determining elevated blood pressure: (1) a systolic blood pressure of 130 mmHg or greater and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg or greater, or using antihypertensive drugs 24,26 ; (2) a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 or greater 22 ; or (3) the authors did not specify the criterion for elevated blood pressure.…”

Section: Clinical Risk Factors (Obesity Elevated Blood Glucose Elevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Young-Onset Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Research

Breau

Ellis

2020

Cancer Control

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The risk of young-onset colorectal adenomas and cancer (yCRAC) in adults less than 50 years of age is increasing. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to identify lifestyle and clinical risk factors associated with yCRAC risk. We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies which: used an epidemiologic study design, involved individuals with yCRAC, evaluated at least 1 lifestyle or clinical factor, and applied multivariable regression approaches. We critically appraised the quality of included studies and calculated pooled measures of association (e.g. odds ratio [OR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. We identified 499 articles in our search with 9 included in a narrative synthesis and 6 included in a meta-analysis. We found in the pooled analysis that smoking and alcohol consumption were lifestyle factors associated with yCRAC, as were clinical factors including obesity elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides. We identified lifestyle and clinical risk factors associated with risk of yCRAC, which have potential implications for informing preventive efforts and modifying screening to target at-risk populations.

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“…Decreasing the screening recommendations age from 50 to 45 will roughly add 20 million more individuals in need of screening, adding considerable strain on already limited resources (Anderson & Samadder, 2018). Obesity is suggested as a risk factor in the development of young onset CRC (Kim et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019). Obesity may also be a limiting factor in obtaining appropriate colon cancer screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer risk based on extended family history and body mass index

Ochs‐Balcom

Kanth

Farnham

et al. 2020

Genetic Epidemiology

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Family history and body mass index (BMI) are well‐known risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), however, their joint effects are not well described. Using linked data for genealogy, self‐reported height and weight from driver's licenses, and the Utah Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End‐Results cancer registry, we found that an increasing number of first‐degree relatives (FDR) with CRC is associated with higher standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for overweight/obese probands but not for under/normal weight probands. For probands with two CRC‐affected FDRs, the SIR = 1.91 (95% CI [0.52, 4.89]) for under/normal weight probands and SIR = 4.31 (95% CI [2.46, 7.00]) for overweight/obese probands. In the absence of CRC‐affected FDRs, any number of CRC‐affected SDRs did not significantly increase CRC risk for under/normal weight probands, but for overweight/obese probands with at least three CRC‐affected SDRs the SIR = 2.68 (95% CI [1.29, 4.93]). In the absence of CRC‐affected FDRs and SDRs, any number of CRC‐affected third‐degree relatives (TDRs) did not increase risk in under/normal weight probands, but significantly elevated risk for overweight/obese probands with at least two CRC‐affected TDRs was observed; SIR = 1.32 (95% CI [1.04, 1.65]). For nonsyndromic CRC, maximum midlife BMI affects risk based on family history and should be taken into account for CRC risk communication when possible.

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Young Adults (20–39 Years Old)

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Early‐onset colorectal cancer in young individuals

Early‐onset colorectal cancer in young individuals

Risk Factors Associated With Young-Onset Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Research

Colorectal cancer risk based on extended family history and body mass index

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