Prevalence of and factors associated with myopia in primary school students in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, China

Lyu, Ying; Hao, Zhang; Gong, Yueqiu; Wang, Dan; Chen, Ting; Guo, Xianghui; Yang, Suhong; Liu, Danyan; Kang, Meixia

doi:10.1007/s10384-015-0409-x

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We also found that the prevalence of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys, which was consistent with the findings in other Chinese locations, such as Guangzhou [15] and Xichang [24]. Previous studies indicated that older children had a higher risk of myopia [2,15,25], which was further confirmed by our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Myopia, which threatens visual quality and eye health, is a common refractive error among children and teenagers worldwide. Notably, the myopia prevalence is particularly high in east Asian countries; the prevalence in children 6-12 years of age is 53.9% in Tianjin, China [1], 36.7% in children aged 5-14 years in Beijing [2], 69.5% in teenage children in Singapore [3], 24.8% in 12-yearsolds in Malaysia [4], 22.6% in Korean children [5]. Studies have suggested that both genetic and environmental factors have a marked impact on myopia in school children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have suggested that both genetic and environmental factors have a marked impact on myopia in school children. Myopia risk factors thus far include parental myopia [6], near work activities [7,8], spending a long time studying [2], and prolonged indoor activity [9]; meanwhile, extended outdoor activity has been associated with reduction in the incidence rate of myopia [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling

et al. 2020

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Background: The prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among children in Chongqing has not yet been determined. This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and possible relationships between myopia and several related factors among school children in Chongqing. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed a sample of 997 children (7-13 years of age) attending primary school in Chongqing. Data were obtained from visual acuity and refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity < 5.0 and refractive error (spherical equivalent) of < − 0.50 diopters (D) in either eye. Multilevel modeling was applied to investigate potential risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of myopia was 33.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0-36.8]; myopia prevalence significantly increased with age. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys [odds ratio (OR) = 1.449, 95% CI = 1.060-1.979]. Children with paternal myopia (OR = 2.130, 95% CI = 1.376-3.297) or maternal myopia (OR = 1.861, 95% CI =1.153-3.002) had a higher risk of myopia than those without myopic parents. Children who spent more than 1 h daily outdoors were less likely to have myopia; meanwhile, children who did homework more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.041-4.804), watched television more than 3 h daily (OR = 2.106, 95% CI = 1.200-3.697), or played electronics more than 1 h daily (OR = 2.983, 95% CI = 2.088-4.262) had a higher risk of myopia. Conclusions: Myopia in school children is a serious public health problem in Chongqing. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher age, female sex, parental myopia, and spending a long time indoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling

et al. 2020

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“…This study, based on cycloplegic autorefraction, found that the overall prevalence of myopia was 59.2% among 6‐ to 14‐year‐old school children in urban Tianjin, China. Similarly, Lyu et al . reported that myopia was present in 36.7% of 4249 students aged 5–14 years in Beijing in 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electronic devices and myopic refraction among children aged 6‐14 years in urban areas of Tianjin, China

Liu

Wei

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To assess associations between different types of electronic devices, myopic refraction and ocular biometric parameters in children aged 6–14 years in urban areas of Tianjin, China. Methods A school‐based, cross‐sectional study was performed on 566 children (302 boys and 264 girls). The children underwent a comprehensive eye examination, including cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry. The children's parents completed a detailed questionnaire that included each child's demographics, the use of electronic devices and other related risk factors. Results Myopia was not associated with time spent using various electronic devices. However, the mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) decreased by 0.28 D (p = 0.042) and 0.33 D (p = 0.018) for each 1‐h increase in the time spent using smart phones and computers, respectively. In the multiple linear regression analyses of factors associated with the SER, the standardised coefficient B for time spent reading and writing was approximately four to five times larger than the standardised coefficient for time spent using smart phones or computers. Time spent using tablets and watching television was not significantly associated with the SER. A longer axial length (AL) was associated with more time spent using smart phones (B = 0.23, p = 0.006) and computers (B = 0.26, p = 0.002) but not using tablets (p = 0.45) and watching television (p = 0.45). No significant association was found between other ocular biometric parameters and time spent using various electronic devices. Conclusions On average, a more myopic SER and longer AL were both associated with more time spent using smart phones and computers, but not with time spent using tablets and watching television. The magnitude of the association between SER and time spent reading and writing was a substantially larger than that for smart phone or computer use. Different types of electronic devices had differing levels of association with myopic refraction.

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“…Lyu et al [4] investigated the reading habits, visual behaviors and living environments of elementary school children in Chaoyang District, Beijing and found that myopia was associated with reading posture, reading distance, and font size. You et al [19] note that dim illumination during reading is an additional factor in the development of myopia.…”

Section: Reading Habits and Visual Health Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low socioeconomic status and visual health behaviors as factors in childhood myopia development

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Although many studies have discussed visual acuity (VA), the childhood myopia epidemic has not been alleviated and requires further investigation. This study, therefore, investigates the differences in children's VA among various family structures and the effects of visual health attitudes (VHA) and visual health behaviors (VHB) on VA. The children in low socioeconomic status (SES) families in Changhua County, Taiwan are the main research subjects. Using purposive sampling, the study conducts a questionnaire survey and a VA examination on low SES children, undergoing counseling at two social welfare organizations in Taiwan. The VA examination was conducted at the two social welfare organizations by an ophthalmologist from Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, between October 2016 and December 2016. 265 questionnaires were returned. Significantly, over 60% of the samples of low SES children were not living with their parents. Of these children, the highest proportion (35.8%) lived with their mothers; the second-highest (31.3%), lived with their grandparents; and the third highest (29.4%), lived with their fathers. 86.4% of the low SES children had poor (below 1.0) VA. The study, therefore, concludes that schools should focus on low SES students, and should focus on improving the VHA of the youngest students.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with myopia in primary school students in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, China

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling

Prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors among primary students in Chongqing: multilevel modeling

Electronic devices and myopic refraction among children aged 6‐14 years in urban areas of Tianjin, China

Low socioeconomic status and visual health behaviors as factors in childhood myopia development

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