Prevalence of algD, pslD, pelF, Ppgl, and PAPI-1 Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains

Abstract

Introduction. Biofilm formation is one of the main virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This study is aimed at investigating the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 P. aeruginosa isolates. The biofilm formation assay was performed on all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, and the presence of genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were typed with Rep-PCR. Results. The results of biofilm formation demonstrated that 85 strains (75.9%) were biofilm producers, and 27 strains (24.1%) were nonproducer isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern in biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative isolates obtained from hospitalized patients showed a high rate of antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin with 95.7% and 92.3%, respectively. Based on PCR amplification results, the frequency of genes involved in biofilm formation among all isolates was as follows: algD (78.6%), pelF (70.5%), pslD (36.6%), Ppgl (0%), and PAPI-1 (77.6%). Rep-PCR typing demonstrated that 112 P. aeruginosa isolates were classified into 57 types according to 70% cut-off. The predominant type was A which contained 15 isolates. Moreover, 7 isolates were clustered in genotype B, followed by C type (6), D (4), E (4), F (4), G (4), H (3), I (3), J (3 isolates), and 12 genotypes, each containing two isolates. Also, 35 isolates were distributed in scattered patterns and showed single types. Conclusion. Study results showed significant association between biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics such as ceftazidime and meropenem. Analysis of Rep-PCR patterns indicated that the evaluated isolates were heterogeneous, relatively.

Introduce a novel post-biotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation using Escherchia coli Nissle1917 outer membrane vesicles

“…Today, biofilm infection therapy is challenging for clinicians. Biofilm-related infections cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics; but understanding how biofilms work can assist us in fighting them [ 18 , 19 ]. Thus, today many studies are looking for new approaches to overcoming biofilm formation.…”

“…algD is another important gene involved in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. According to Rajabi et al, the algD gene is present in 78.6% of P. aeruginosa strains and it plays an important role in biofilm formation [ 19 ]. Our data showed that the expression of algD expression reduced significantly in the presence of EcN OMVs (50 µg).…”

Multi-species biofilms of environmental microbiota isolated from fruit packing facilities promoted tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride

“…Target genes were selected based on a literature review of genes involved in the production of extracellular matrix components needed for biofilm formation. We searched for relevant genes previously reported in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( alg 44, algD, algU, fimX, lecA, lecB, pelD, pelF, pslD ) [ [93] , [94] , [95] ], Pseudomonas putida ( bcs, pea, peb ) [ 96 ], and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( rmlA and spgM ) [ 97 ]. To the best of our knowledge, genes involved in the production of extracellular matrix components have not been reported for Microbacteriaceae or Flavobacteriaceae .…”

Biofilm Formation, Pyocyanin Production, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounds

“…Biofilm is defined as an assemblage of microbial cells that are attached to a surface and enclosed in an extracellular matrix principally made of polysaccharide material [ 15 – 17 ]. Biofilm is considered an important virulence factor and plays a significant role in antibiotic resistance [ 18 ].…”