Prevalence, incidence and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult coeliac patients

Schiepatti, Annalisa; Alimenti, Eleonora; Maimaris, Stiliano; Nicolardi, Maria Luisa; Manzella La Barbera, Francesca; Baiardi, Paola; Biagi, Federico

doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001969

Cited by 15 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, coeliac patients tended to have higher antibody titers than controls at all time points, although this difference only reached statistical significance at 6 months. These results are in line with recent studies on risk of contracting COVID-19 in coeliac patients, which did not find an increased risk of COVID-19 or of severe COVID-19 disease in coeliac patients compared to the general population [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with coeliac disease and other noncoeliac enteropathies compared to healthy controls

Scalvini

Schiepatti

Maimaris

et al. 2022

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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Objectives Data are lacking on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients affected by coeliac disease, Whipple's disease and other noncoeliac enteropathies (NCE), characterised by primary or drug-related immunosuppression. We aimed to assess humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in these patients compared to controls. Methods Between December 2021 and January 2022, IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were measured in serum samples of coeliac disease, Whipple's disease and NCE patients attending our gastroenterology outpatient clinic for follow-up, who had received their first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination dose 3-6-9 (±1) months prior. Humoral response was compared with healthy controls (vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing serological screening), matched for gender, age, and time from first vaccine dose at sample collection. Results A total of 120 patients [107 coeliac disease; 10 Whipple's disease; 2 common-variable immunodeficiency (CVID); 1 idiopathic villous atrophy; 77 F, 42 ± 16 years] and 240 matched controls (154 F, 43 ± 14 years) were enrolled. At 3, 6 and 9 months, humoral response in coeliac patients was not impaired compared to controls. Inadequate humoral response to vaccination was significantly more common among Whipple's disease patients than controls (P < 0.001). Patients on immunosuppressive therapy had markedly lower IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres (median 14 vs. 520 BAU/mL, P < 0.001). As expected, patients with CVID showed no humoral response to vaccination. Conclusions Humoral immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was not reduced in coeliac disease patients compared to controls, although it was in Whipple's disease and CVID patients. Post-vaccination humoral response should be monitored in patients with Whipple's disease and chronic enteropathies on immunosuppressive therapy in order to schedule vaccine booster doses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It has recently been shown that coeliac patients are not at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the general population and that their disease course is usually mild [19][20][21][22]. To date, there is no data on the serological response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients affected by coeliac disease and NCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with coeliac disease and other noncoeliac enteropathies compared to healthy controls

Scalvini

Schiepatti

Maimaris

et al. 2022

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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“…Preliminary data from the International Coronavirus and Celiac Disease Reporting Database showed that CD serology and adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) were not associated with severe outcomes [ 9 ]. These results were confirmed by subsequent studies, which did not find a correlation between COVID-19 and CD, reporting a similar clinical course in celiac and nonceliac patients, especially in those compliant with the GFD [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Recent studies demonstrated that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have no risk or are at low risk of developing COVID-19 [ 18 ]. Similarly, patients with CD do not seem to have an increased risk of COVID-19 compared with the general population, and, if infected, their disease course is similar to that of the general population [ 11 ]. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on pediatric gastroenterology practice [ 19 ], and a potentially life-threatening delay in the diagnosis of celiac disease was also reported in a young child [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Clinical Practice in Pediatric Gastroenterology

et al. 2023

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Celiac disease (CD) has a high prevalence but remains largely underdiagnosed. Although extensive studies have confirmed that children with CD do not have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, public health regulations associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may have exacerbated this problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the number of new-onset CD cases. Additionally, the role of SARS-CoV-2 in autoimmune diseases and its influence on clinical practice in pediatric gastroenterology were briefly reviewed. We described the data from the hospital electronic registry of new-onset CD, during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2 years before. A total of 423 children were diagnosed with CD between March 2018 and February 2022: 228 in the 2-year pre-COVID-19 period and 195 during the pandemic. The number of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic was 14.5% lower than in the previous years. The quarterly comparison of CD diagnoses showed a reduction in all quarters. A reduction in diagnoses during the lockdown and in the following months was evident and not compensated thereafter. This is the first study to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the diagnosis of CD in children. Further studies are necessary to improve the system of biopsy-sparing diagnosis and to evaluate the effect of the diagnostic delay. Special attention should be given to the implementation of telemedicine services.

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“…Patients with CD do not bear a risk of COVID-19 correlated to the general population, and their disease line was mild. Clinical type of CD, age, sex, duration, and adherence to a GFD, and mucosal healing did not differ between CD patients with and without COVID-19 [ 55 ]. But the restrictions applied to COVID-19 can impact CD treatment and GFD, the only available therapy for CD [ 56 ].…”

Section: Suggested Causes For the Recent Increase In CD Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac disease in the COVID-19 pandemic

Samaşcă¹,

Lerner²

2021

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on global health. Design The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with coeliac disease was assessed in the present review. Results The incidence of coeliac disease and the problems associated with coeliac disease increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence to the diet is crucial for the patient's health and quality of life since the only approved therapy for coeliac disease is a gluten withdrawal. Conclusions A gluten-free diet should be promoted by the therapeutic team and implemented among these categories of patients.

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Prevalence, incidence and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult coeliac patients

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with coeliac disease and other noncoeliac enteropathies compared to healthy controls

Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with coeliac disease and other noncoeliac enteropathies compared to healthy controls

The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Clinical Practice in Pediatric Gastroenterology

Celiac disease in the COVID-19 pandemic

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