Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and sodium intake in Zhejiang Province, China: A cross-sectional survey in 2017

Abstract

BackgroundIn recent decades, hypertension has become a popular public health problem in China. In 2017, a cross-sectional survey about hypertension and sodium intake measured by 24-hour (24-h) urine was launched in Zhejiang Province, to provide the basis of the Chinese population to develop a salt reduction intervention and prevention of hypertension strategy.MethodsCross-sectional data were obtained from 7512 participants aged 18 to 69 years in Zhejiang Province of China by complex, multistage sampling methods. The survey included face-to-face questionnaires and physical examination among all participants. Blood pressures and the use of anti-hypertension medications were used to determine hypertension. One thousand five hundred participants of them were asked to collect 24-h urine to measure sodium and potassium levels to assess intake. All rates and means were weighted by sampling weight and population structure of the province.ResultsThe weighted means of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 127.78 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 127.21–128.36) and 79.40 mm Hg (95%CI, 79.04–79.76). The weighted hypertension prevalence was 30.41% (95%CI, 28.91–31.91). Among those classified as having hypertension, 43.55% (95%CI, 40.77–46.34) were aware of the fact that they were suffering from hypertension, 32.05% (95%CI, 29.49–34.61) of them reported taking anti-hypertension medications, only 14.48% (95%CI, 12.54–16.42) had their blood pressure controlled. The weighted means of 24-h urinary sodium was 165.52 mmol (standard deviation [SD], 2.92), representing that the mean intake of sodium chloride was 9.68g (SD, 0.17) through conversion.ConclusionThese cross-sectional survey results show that hypertension and excessive sodium intake in adults are prevalent in Zhejiang Province, China. Salt reduction and prevention of hypertension is still an urgent public health work.

Relation of Gut Microbes and L-Thyroxine Through Altered Thyroxine Metabolism in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Subjects

“…The reason might be that the average age of our cohort is 64.0 ± 8.3, which is relatively high in correspondence with metabolic disorders, such as serum lipid and serum glucose abnormalities. It is reported that the average blood pressure was higher in population of China's rural area (Du et al, 2019 ). In our study, it might be due to the higher average ages of our cohort or the normal diet habits in the countryside of northern China, which consisted of high salt, high oil recipe.…”

Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

“…Eventually, a provincially representative sample of 7512 residents gave informed consent and participated in the project with a complete database, of which 1424 responders collected complete 24-h urine to assess the overall sodium intake. Methods for sample size calculation and sample selection are described in detail elsewhere 18 . The permission protocol to undertake the SRHPP and written participant consent were obtained from the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and all participants, respectively.…”

Study on illness perceptions of Chinese rural‐dwelling adults with hypertension: A descriptive study

“…The prevalence rate in 2017 had increased greatly when compared with that of 22.6% in 2013 (Wang et al, 2013). This change may be caused by unhealthy lifestyle, such as diet and limited exercise (Du et al, 2019). The establishment of the new Rural Cooperative Medical System intended to address the health needs within most of the country's rural households (Chen et al, 2016) did not decline the prevalence of HTN.…”

“…HTN in China is still in a state of "one high" (high prevalence) and "three lows" (low awareness rate, low treatment rate, low control rate). Zhejiang Province, one of the richest provinces in mainland China, had 30.41% prevalence rate for HTN and 31.65% in rural area in 2017 (Du et al, 2019).…”

“…The establishment of the new Rural Cooperative Medical System intended to address the health needs within most of the country's rural households (Chen et al, 2016) did not decline the prevalence of HTN. In addition, Du et al (2019) reported that 43.55% of hypertensive adults in Zhejiang province were aware of their HTN; 32.05% were taking antihypertensive medication, and only 14.48% had their blood pressure (BP) controlled. With a relative higher awareness and medication taking rate, the BP control rate in Zhejiang province, however, presented lower than that of the neighboring provinces in mainland China.…”