Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Prognostic Determinants of AIDS‐Related Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in the Era of Advanced Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Antinori, Andrea; Larussa, Dora; Cingolani, Antonella; Lorenzini, Patrizia; Bossolasco, Simona; Finazzi, Maria Grazia; Bongiovanni, Marco; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Grisetti, Susanna; Vigo, Beniamino; Gigli, Beniamino; Mariano, Andrea; Nogare, Ernesto Renato Dalle; Marco, Michele De; Moretti, Francesca; Corsi, Paola; Abrescia, Nicola G. A.; Rellecati, Patrizia; Castagna, Antonella; Mussini, Cristina; Ammassari, Adriana; Cinque, Paola; Monforte, Antonella d’Arminio

doi:10.1086/424877

Cited by 129 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is advisable, however, not to postpone the initiation of cART beyond 14 days from disease diagnosis, considering that immediate cART is associated with reduced death and AIDS progression and a shorter time to immune recovery [48][49][50] …”

Section: Timing Of Cart During Opportunistic Infections and Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian Consensus Statement on Management of HIV-Infected Individuals with Advanced Disease Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2009

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Section: Timing Of Cart During Opportunistic Infections and Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian Consensus Statement on Management of HIV-Infected Individuals with Advanced Disease Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2009

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“…1,2 However, this protozoan zoonosis is underappreciated as the second most common cause of foodborne deaths in the United States (US) and a preventable cause of other non-HIV disease. 3 With an estimated seroprevalence of about 10-15% in the general US population, 4 the clinical presentation of toxoplasmosis varies among several subgroups, ranging from no symptoms in most individuals to cerebral involvement and/or widespread disseminated disease in individuals with severe immune suppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends, Productivity Losses, and Associated Medical Conditions Among Toxoplasmosis Deaths in the United States, 2000–2010

Cummings¹,

Kuo²,

Javanbakht³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Few studies have quantified toxoplasmosis mortality, associated medical conditions, and productivity losses in the United States. We examined national multiple cause of death data and estimated productivity losses caused by toxoplasmosis during 2000-2010. A matched case-control analysis examined associations between comorbid medical conditions and toxoplasmosis deaths. In total, 789 toxoplasmosis deaths were identified during the 11-year study period. Blacks and Hispanics had the highest toxoplasmosis mortality compared with whites. Several medical conditions were associated with toxoplasmosis deaths, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lymphoma, leukemia, and connective tissue disorders. The number of toxoplasmosis deaths with an HIV codiagnosis declined from 2000 to 2010; the numbers without such a codiagnosis remained static. Cumulative disease-related productivity losses for the 11-year period were nearly $815 million. Although toxoplasmosis mortality has declined in the last decade, the infection remains costly and is an important cause of preventable death among non-HIV subgroups.

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“…Even with the use of HAART (Highly Active AntiRetroviral Treatment), neurotoxoplasmosis remains the prevalent cause of neurological disorders in HIV-positive patients, being particularly severe among those with higher immunosupression and an absence of prophylaxis 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil

Xavier

Cademartori

Filho

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the opportunistic infections for individuals with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of neurotoxoplasmosis, ocular toxoplasmosis and antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-positive patients attending the SAE (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV/AIDS), as well as to associate their serological profile with epidemiological and clinical data. A total of 250 patients participated in the study from December, 2009 to November, 2010. Serological analysis was performed using the indirect immunofluorescent technique; epidemiological data were gathered by a questionnaire, and clinical history was based on the analysis of medical charts. Prevalence of seropositivity was 80%, with history of neurotoxoplasmosis in 4.8% and of ocular toxoplasmosis in 1.6% of the patients. The Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) was not used by 32% of the patients, 18.4% of the patients had CD4+ T- lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm³ and 96.8% of them were not aware of the modes of disease transmission. These findings led us to conclude that the study population is at high risk of clinical toxoplasmosis, because of both reactivation of infection in the seropositive patients who do not make a regular use of HAART, and primo-infection in seronegative patients worsened by an unawareness of the modes of infection reported in this study.

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Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Prognostic Determinants of AIDS‐Related Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in the Era of Advanced Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 129 publications

References 44 publications

Italian Consensus Statement on Management of HIV-Infected Individuals with Advanced Disease Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy

Italian Consensus Statement on Management of HIV-Infected Individuals with Advanced Disease Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy

Trends, Productivity Losses, and Associated Medical Conditions Among Toxoplasmosis Deaths in the United States, 2000–2010

Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil

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