Prevalence and Time Trends of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in China

Dong, Li; Kang, Yu; Yang, Li; Wei, Wen Bin; Jonas, Jost B.

doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000002590

Cited by 143 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our results show that there is an increasing trend of myopia in India over the last four decades. Other meta-analyses from different parts of the world have also shown similar trends [2,6,[88][89][90][91]. The prevalence of myopia is much less in Indian school going children as compared to other Asian countries where it could be as high as 70-80% [2,88,89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of myopia in Indian school children: Meta-analysis of last four decades

et al. 2020

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Background India is the second most populated country in the world with 41% of the population (492 million) under 18 years of age. While numerous studies have shown an increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide, there continues to be uncertainty about the magnitude of myopia in Indian school going population. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We systematically identified published literature of last four decades from 1980 to March 2020 and assessed them for methodological quality. Data were gathered into 5-year age groups from 5-15, in urban or rural populations, and standardized to definition of myopia as refractive error �-0.50 dioptre. Random effects meta-analysis was done. Results We included data from 59 quality assessed studies, covering nearly 1,66,000 urban and 1,20,000 rural children. The overall crude prevalence of myopia over last four decades is 7.5% (95% CI, 6.5-8.5%) in 5-15-year age group. The prevalence of myopia is 8.5% (95% CI, 7.1-9.9%) in urban and 6.1% (95% CI, 4.5-7.7%) in rural children, with highest prevalence in urban 11-15-year age group [15.0% in last decade]. A significant increment in prevalence is noted in the last decade in rural children from 4.6% to 6.8%, reflecting changing rural environment. Conclusion Myopia is an emerging public health problem in both urban and rural school going adolescents in India requiring urgent efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of myopia in Indian school children: Meta-analysis of last four decades

et al. 2020

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“…It was the most common eye disease in children and adolescents, and has grown rapidly worldwide over the past few decades, especially in East Asian regions where the prevalence of myopia in young adults was around 80-90% [1]. It had been predicted that 4.8 billion people in the world would be myopic by the year 2050, which meant that 50% of children would become myopic 30 years later [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Atropine to Control Myopia Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Zhao¹,

Cai²,

Ding

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The effect and safety of atropine on delaying the progression of myopia has been extensively studied, but its optimal effect dose is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia, and to explore the relationship between the dose of atropine and the effect of controlling the progression of myopia. Methods: This work was done through the data search from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The Cochrane Handbook was also used to evaluate the quality of these included studies. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software. Results: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Myopia progression was mitigated greater in the atropine treatment group than the control group, with MD = -0.80, 95% CI (-0.94, -0.66) during the whole observation period. There was a statistical difference between 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1.0% atropine (P = 0.004). In addition, less axial elongation was showed, with MD = -0.26, 95% CI (-0.33, -0.18) during the whole observation period. Conclusion: The effect of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia was dose related. A 0.05% atropine was likely to be the optimal dose.

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“…The prevalence is even higher in Asian countries. In China, the proportion of highly myopic teenagers is between 11.1 and 19.5% [2][3][4]. Complications of HM can be associated with significant ocular morbidities, including maculopathy, retinal detachment, and glaucoma.…”

Section: Background and Rationale {6a}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University, Boston, USA. 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. 4 Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of medically lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma suspects with high myopia (GSHM study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Lin

Chen

Song

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background Currently, whether and when intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication should be used in glaucoma suspects with high myopia (GSHM) remains unknown. Glaucoma suspects are visual field (VF) defects that cannot be explained by myopic macular changes or other retinal and neurologic conditions. Glaucoma progression is defined by VF deterioration. Here we describe the rationale, design, and methodology of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the effects of medically lowering IOP in GSHM (GSHM study). Methods The GSHM study is an open-label, single-center, RCT for GSHM. Overall, 264 newly diagnosed participants, aged 35 to 65 years, will be recruited at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, between 2020 and 2021. Participants will be randomly divided into two arms at a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention arm will receive IOP-lowering medication, while participants in the control arm will be followed up without treatment for 36 months or until they reach the end point. Only one eye per participant will be eligible for the study. If both eyes are eligible, the eye with the worse VF will be recruited. The primary outcome is the incidence of glaucoma suspect progression by VF testing over 36 months. The secondary outcomes include the incidence of changes in the optic nerve head morphology including the retinal nerve fiber layer, and retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss, progression of myopic maculopathy, visual function loss, and change in the quality of life. Statistical analyses will include baseline characteristics comparison between the intervention and control groups using a two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test; generalized linear models with Poisson regression for the primary outcome; Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test for the incidence of the secondary outcome; and longitudinal analyses to assess trends in outcomes across time. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the GSHM study is the first RCT to investigate the impact of medically lowering IOP in GSHM. The results will have implications for the clinical management of GSHM. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04296916. Registered on 4 March 2020

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Prevalence and Time Trends of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in China

Cited by 143 publications

References 51 publications

Prevalence of myopia in Indian school children: Meta-analysis of last four decades

Prevalence of myopia in Indian school children: Meta-analysis of last four decades

Efficacy and Safety of Atropine to Control Myopia Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Effect of medically lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma suspects with high myopia (GSHM study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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