Prevalence and significance of extracellular myelin‐like material in canine cerebrospinal fluid

Zabolotzky, Shanon M.; Vernau, Karen M.; Kass, Philip H.; Vernau, William

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00189.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present case, CSF abnormalities were similar to previously described findings, including mixed neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and monocytic pleocytosis, hemorrhage, and increased CSF TP concentration . The presence of activated macrophages containing suspected phagocytized myelin suggests that severe spinal parenchymal neuronal damage was present, with myelomalacia, necrosis, and inflammation . The current finding of S lupi eggs in the CSF confirmed the diagnosis of spinal spirocercosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[6][7][8]10 The presence of activated macrophages containing suspected phagocytized myelin suggests that severe spinal parenchymal neuronal damage was present, with myelomalacia, necrosis, and inflammation. [22][23][24][25] The current finding of S lupi eggs in the CSF confirmed the diagnosis of spinal spirocercosis. Because the disease was diagnosed antemortem in this dog, appropriate treatment was given that led to the resolution of the clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Nematode eggs observed in cytology of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic for intramedullary Spirocerca lupi spinal cord migration

Klainbart

Chai

Vaturi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Spinal spirocercosis due to aberrant Spirocerca lupi nematode migration is an emerging etiology for acute myelitis in dogs in Israel, causing severe, mostly nonsymmetrical hind limb paresis or paralysis, and sometimes tetraparesis or tetraparalysis. So far, incidental identification of parasites during spinal surgery or at necropsy provides the only definite diagnosis, while antemortem diagnosis of this condition has been uncertain. Specifically, antemortem diagnosis is based on the typical clinical presentation of acute, progressive, asymmetrical hind limb paresis or paralysis, with moderate to severe eosinophilic to mixed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and increased CSF protein concentration. Exclusion of other differential diagnoses also requires using spinal cord imaging. In this novel report, we document a case of an intradural spinal spirocercosis in a dog, diagnosed antemortem, by detecting S lupi eggs in the CSF, and subsequent treatment, resulting in the resolution of the clinical signs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Nematode eggs observed in cytology of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic for intramedullary Spirocerca lupi spinal cord migration

Klainbart

Chai

Vaturi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Previously, detection of myelin in CSF samples was commonly associated with a disease process in which demyelination was a feature. 2,13,26 However, a recent study 29 provided evidence that myelin is also detected in common neurologic diseases, in which demyelination is not a feature, such as intervertebral disc disease, and provided further evidence of an association between the presence of myelin and the collection site. The findings in the present study are supportive of this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs Diagnosed with Chiari-Like Malformation with or without Concurrent Syringomyelia

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Syringomyelia is a common clinical problem in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog population. The underlying pathophysiology of the development and progression of syringes is currently unknown. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether development of syringomyelia is accompanied by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid composition. Patient records of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformations, with or without concurrent syringomyelia, that had magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis between December 2004 and December 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. Total nucleated cell count per microliter, with differential count, red blood cell count per microliter, and protein concentration (g/l), were reviewed. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney Utest. Spearman rank test was used to test association between cerebrospinal fluid composition and syrinx size, and the Fisher exact test was used to compare the presence of macrophages, reactive lymphocytes, and myelin. A P value of #0.05 was considered significant for statistical tests. Dogs with syringomyelia had a higher total nucleated cell count (syringomyelia: 4/ml [range, 0-15/ml] vs. without syringomyelia: 2/ml [0-8/ml]; P 5 0.0047), higher protein concentration (syringomyelia: 0.26 g/l [0.07-0.42 g/l] vs. without syringomyelia: 0.2 g/l [0.12-0.39 g/l]; P 5 0.039), and an increased neutrophil percentage (syringomyelia: 0% [0-37%] vs. without syringomyelia: 0% [0-21%]; P 5 0.0203) than those with the Chiari-like malformation alone. There was a positive correlation between total nucleated cell count and syrinx size (r 5 0.51; P 5 0.0068). Development of syringomyelia is accompanied by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid composition. The pathogenesis of syringomyelia has not been fully elucidated; therefore, the exact origin of cerebrospinal fluid changes remains unclear.

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Neurologic

2017

Clinical Atlas of Small Animal Cytology

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Prevalence and significance of extracellular myelin‐like material in canine cerebrospinal fluid

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Nematode eggs observed in cytology of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic for intramedullary Spirocerca lupi spinal cord migration

Nematode eggs observed in cytology of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic for intramedullary Spirocerca lupi spinal cord migration

Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs Diagnosed with Chiari-Like Malformation with or without Concurrent Syringomyelia

Neurologic

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