Prevalence and Risk Factors of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections in Healthy Males

The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections

“…Using PCR analysis of genital samples, 16.5% of 285 Finnish conscripts (mean age 19.8 years) (Hippelainen et al, 1993) and 32.7% of 318 American university students (mean age 20.5 years) were HPV positive (Weaver et al, 2004). HPV prevalence in men appears to vary substantially by country .…”

“…Several studies of women have demonstrated strong associations between lifetime number of sex partners and genital HPV acquisition (Burk et al, 1996;Tarkowski et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2003;Wheeler et al, 1993) and in men Hippelainen et al, 1993;Svare et al, 2002). Furthermore, it has been shown that a woman's reported estimate of her male partner's lifetime number of sex partners is positively associated with HPV infection in herself (Burk et al, 1996).…”

Age-Specific Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Males: A Global Review

“…The highest prevalence was observed in soldiers from Copenhagen, Denmark (mean age: 20 years), who had an overall HPV prevalence of 34% and an HPV-16 prevalence of 6% [17]. Military conscripts in Finland (mean age: 20 years) [41] and Sweden (mean age: 21 years) [47] had overall HPV prevalences of approximately 9%. "Clinically healthy" males in Turku, Finland, undergoing vasectomy (mean age: 40 years) had an overall HPV prevalence of 19% and HPV-16 prevalence of 11% [42][43][44].…”

Incidence of sexually transmitted infections in asymptomatic healthy young Japanese men

“…The detection rate for HPV in men with no apparent genital warts might differ in each country or region. The incidence rates of genital HPV infection in men without genital warts have been reported to be 7.2%, 13%, and 43% in Finland, 15 Sweden, 3 and Mexico, 16 respectively. These studies clearly showed that sexual activity was strongly associated with positive HPV detection.…”