Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders among the Survivors of 2015 Nepal Earthquake, in Dhading, Nepal

Dahal, Harsha Raj; Kumar, Sudeep; Thapa, Deependra Kaji

doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2017.19.0145

Cited by 8 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although a variety of mental health issues were identified amongst the affected Nepalese communities, PTSD (which is highly linked to disaster [27,51]) was less reported by participants in this study compared to anxiety and depression. Some studies noted that the prevalence of PTSD was 28.5% [25] and 18.5% [52] amongst affected groups. This disparity could be because of the difficulty in diagnosing PTSD [53] or the overestimation of mental illness [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disparity could be because of the difficulty in diagnosing PTSD [53] or the overestimation of mental illness [14]. Furthermore, PTSD prevalence is suggested to change with time [52]. Although mental impacts from the earthquakes are apparent, more rigorous studies to get the correct estimates of PTSD and other issues are needed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cultural behaviors are thought to build trust amongst community members and to improve stress-coping capacity [7]. Communication and sharing helps communities with psychological recovery in the post-disaster phase [52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults, on the other hand, may require support for regaining financial capabilities in later stages. While the loss of an income source might contribute towards psychological illness, economic aid programs such as job opportunities reduce stress [52] and enhance resilience in people [65]. Income and economic development may be a primal need for many affected communities in Nepal due to the immense scale of damage from the earthquakes; however, an emphasis on job opportunities was not pointed out by most interview participants and was not a priority of organizations at the initial stages.…”

Section: Discussion: the Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Gan

Dwirahmadi

2019

IJERPH

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Introduction: Nepal was hit by two devastating earthquakes in 2015 that disrupted its socio-economic system and shattered many lives, resulting in increased mental health issues during the post-earthquake phase. Disasters can have severe mental health impacts on the affected population, making it necessary to enhance resilience within communities and to help them to adapt well in the face of adversities. From these earthquakes, this study looks to identify measures needed to develop community mental resilience for disaster preparedness in Nepal. Method: We conducted this research using the qualitative case study method and thematic analysis (TA). Result: Several activities were carried out by organizations to support the psycho-social aspects of communities, but were challenged by existing barriers. After considering the present context, this study presents five recommendations for mental resilience and also suggests the utilization of existing resources, such as faith-based organizations and teachers in the communities. Despite the considerable impact, communities demonstrate their own resilience, to some extent, through the culture of sharing and helping each other. Conclusions: A firm commitment is required from the government to enhance resilience by mainstreaming mental health in all areas of disaster management and planning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion: the Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Gan

Dwirahmadi

2019

IJERPH

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“…It affects everyone irrespective of age, gender, race, economical condition or educational level. While some stresses are natural and necessary, if it is strict, continuous and repetitious or if an individual is not able to give a proper response to it or if supportive sources are limited, it is considered a negative phenomenon which can cause physical and psychological disorders (Dahal, Kumar, & Thapa, 2015;Cheung, & Yip, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Stress and its Relation to Insomnia among Nurses of Educational Hospitals in Qazvin

Yazdi¹,

Javadi²,

Afsari³

et al. 2018

Sleep Hypn

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Stress is an inevitable part of life. It is a universal phenomenon and general experience of human which is necessary for his/ her survival and growth. It affects everyone irrespective of age, gender, race, economical condition or educational level. Although stress can be natural and necessary, if it is strict, continuous and repetitious and an individual is not able to respond to it effectively or if supportive sources are limited, it becomes a negative phenomenon which brings about physical and psychological disorders. The present study aimed to determine occupational stress level and conditions causing stress among nurses of educational hospitals in Qazvin Province. This is a sectional study on 194 nurses working in health care centers of Qazvin Province. Demographic questionnaire and Philip Rice's occupational stress questionnaire were completed by the nurses. In addition, they were requested to answer four more questions about insomnia and then the data was collected and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Occupational stress has very high prevalence among nurses. The study showed that 91/2% of them experienced high levels of occupational stress. There is a significant relation between wards and occupational stress. In addition, the most important stressors among the nurses were recognized and the ways they respond to them were also studied. Moreover, the relation between the nurses' occupational stress and insomnia was examined. This study showed that the level of occupational stress among nurses was significant and there was a clear and meaningful relation between stress and the ward they work in. Among the stressors were physical tiredness due to work, emergency situations, heavy workloads and performing tasks requiring less knowledge and last but not least having multiple chiefs. It was also found out that nurses' occupational stress played a pivotal role in their insomnia status.

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Prevalence of the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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The dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD-DS) was introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and is characterised by symptoms of either depersonalisation or derealisation, in addition to a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to estimate the point prevalence of current PTSD-DS, and the extent to which method of assessment, demographic and trauma variables moderate this estimate, across different methods of prevalence estimation. Studies included were identified by searching MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycInfo, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete and PTSDpubs, yielding 49 studies that met the inclusion criteria (N = 8214 participants). A random-effects meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of PTSD-DS as 38.1% (95% CI 31.5–45.0%) across all samples, 45.5% (95% CI 37.7–53.4%) across all diagnosis-based and clinical cut-off samples, 22.8% (95% CI 14.8–32.0%) across all latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA) samples and 48.1% (95% CI 35.0–61.3%) across samples which strictly used the DSM-5 PTSD criteria; all as a proportion of those already with a diagnosis of PTSD. All results were characterised by high levels of heterogeneity, limiting generalisability. Moderator analyses mostly failed to identify sources of heterogeneity. PTSD-DS was more prevalent in children compared to adults, and in diagnosis-based and clinical cut-off samples compared to LCA and LPA samples. Risk of bias was not significantly related to prevalence estimates. The implications of these results are discussed further.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders among the Survivors of 2015 Nepal Earthquake, in Dhading, Nepal

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes

Occupational Stress and its Relation to Insomnia among Nurses of Educational Hospitals in Qazvin

Prevalence of the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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